Gravity waves (GWs) are ubiquitous internal waves in which the restoring force is buoyancy. In the Earth’s atmosphere, GWs are generated whenever a parcel of air is disturbed from its equilibrium position. Disturbing sources include topographic features (e.g., mountains), convective instabilities (e.g., thunderstorms), frontal motions, and oscillations of jet streams. When the amplitude of a GW...

It is a well known fact that stirring keeps particles suspended in fluids. This is apparent, for instance, when shaking medicine flasks, when agitating tea deposits in a mug, or when heavy winds fill the air with dust particles. The commonplace nature of such observations makes it easy to accept that this feature will apply to any natural phenomenon as long as the flow is turbulent enough. This...

w data, valuable contributions have been made to the physical understanding of turbulence over an unprecedented range of Reynolds numbers. The shear stress measurements were made at the unique SLTEST (Surface Layer Turbulence and Environmental Science Test facility) site on the great salt lakes of Utah, pictured in figure 1. Winds over the site are known to remain strong and consistent for exte...

Copepods are important grazers on microplankton in marine food webs and are, in turn, preyed upon by a wide range of predators with diverse feeding adaptations. Although copepods have evolved numerous adaptations to help them avoid predation, their escape behavior sets them apart from many other planktonic organisms. Mechanoreception is widely used by copepods to detect hydrodynamic disturbance...

Fragmentation of macroplastics into microplastics in the marine environment is probably one processes that have generated most drive for developing research field. Thus, it surprising level scientific knowledge on combinative effect oxidative degradation and mechanical stressors fragmentation relatively limited. Furthermore, has been hypothesized plastic continues nanoplastic size domains, but ...

In this research, the effect of micro turbulence on the flotation rate of quartz particles was investigated. The maximum particle Reynolds number (Rep) was obtained at 60.25 with a particle size of -500+420 µm, impeller speed of 900 rpm, bubble surface area flux of 10.21 1/s and micro scale turbulence size of 162 µm. When the micro turbulence size was equal to the particle size, ...

Although supply chain ecosystem health (SCE Health) is receiving attention in relation to environmental uncertainty, its conception and measurement are largely undocumented, how pursue SCE Health under turbulence unclear. Supply learning (SCL) an important way build dynamic capabilities, whether it can empower the achievement of worthy investigative study. Therefore, grounded capabilities theor...

The production of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in response to several environmental variables was studied in 2 mesocosm experiments. The first (Expt 1) examined a gradient of 4 nutrient levels; the second (Expt 2) examined different conditions of silicate availability and zooplankton presence. Tanks were separated in 2 series, one subjected to turbulence and the other not influenced b...