Raw (unfired) earth represents a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional construction materials but its dissemination into building practice has been hindered by relatively high vulnerability water erosion. Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) can improve the durability of without using chemical binders such as cement lime. EICP utilises urease enzyme catalyse hydrolysis u...

background: little in known regarding the clinical relevance of sirt1 in multiple sclerosis (ms).   here, we aimed to evaluate mrna expression, protein level and enzyme activity of sirt1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) isolated from relapsing –remitting ms patients (rrms) and healthy controls. materials and methods: twenty patients with rr-ms and twenty two age- and sex-matched he...

The yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) MTCC 3157 was selected for combinatorial biosynthesis of plant sesquiterpene amorpha-4,11-diene. Our main objective was to overproduce amorpha 4-11-diene, which is a key precursor molecule of artemisinin (antimalarial drug) produced naturally in plant Artemisia annua through mevalonate pathway. Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) is a common intermediate metab...

Maltase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB4 was immobilized within calcium alginate beads using entrapment technique. Immobilized maltase showed maximum immobilization yield with 4% sodium alginate and 0.2 M calcium chloride within 90.0 min of curing time. Entrapment increases the enzyme-substrate reaction time and temperature from 5.0 to 10.0 min and 45 °C to 50 °C, respectively as compared ...

An in vitro incubation study was carried out to determine whether various carbohydrase preparations contained appropriate activities to target nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) of full-fat flaxseed. Enzyme preparations C (cellulase, 340 U/g), XG (xylanase, 63,600 U/g and glucanase, 48,300 U/g), P (pectinase, 10,000 U/g), and MC (mannanase, 10,900 U/g and cellulase, 600 U/ g), alone and in combina...

Catalyst in a chemical reaction used to fast the process. Enzymes are using as biocatalyst. Enzymes are proteins that used to fast the reaction rate to form product. Enzymes are available from different sources such as from extreme environment or from normal microorganism and also from different species. Therefore, enzymes are the key factor to build and maintain the cells such as bacteria or f...

Xylitol is a high value sugar alcohol with anticariogenic properties that is used as an ideal sweetener for diabetic patients. Industrially, xylitol is manufactured by catalytic reduction of pure xylose, which has some disadvantages. The fermentation process has been studied as an alternative, but its viability is dependent on the optimization of several variables. This fermentation process on ...

Minipreparation (MiniPrep) analysis is an essential step for obtaining a recombinant plasmid that carries a DNA insert containing a gene of interest. The most commonly used method for this involves cultivation of transformed Escherichia coli (E. coli) in liquid medium, brief centrifugation for precipitation of bacterial pellets, and subsequent lysis of the pellets. This process is time-consumin...

Description of the technology Elispot is a workhorse for functional analysis of single immune cells. Originally established for the enumeration of specific antibody-secreting B cells in 1983 [1], the technology has been expanded to the analysis of T cells, NK cells and monocytes. The assay is typically carried out in 96 well plates with a nitrocellulose or PVDF membrane, which is coated with an...