Humans often make decisions based on uncertain sensory information. Signal detection theory describes detection and discrimination decisions as a comparison of stimulus "strength" to a fixed decision criterion. How is the criterion set? We examine how observers learn to set a decision criterion in an orientation-discrimination task. To investigate mechanisms underlying trial-by-trial criterion ...

This chapter asks whether equal treatment of generations is compatible with social discounting. It presents the rank-discounted utilitarian criterion, proposed by Stéphane Zuber and analyzed in Zuber and Asheim (2010), which combines equal treatment with social discounting by giving priority for the worse off not only due to their absolute level of well-being but also their relative rank in wel...

comNode classification within Membrane Residue Curves (M-RCMs) currently hinges on Lyapunov’s Theorem and therefore the computation of mathematically complex eigenvalues. This paper presents an alternative criterion for the classification of nodes within M-RCMs based on the total membrane flux at node compositions. This paper demonstrates that for a system exhibiting simple permeation behaviour...

Equal treatment for the present and the future was required in two axioms introduced in the articles by Chichilnisky of the years 1996 and 1997. These articles provide a characterization of the decision criterion that satisfies the axioms and shows that the two axioms are equivalent to physical limits in the long-run future. The author proves that maximizing discounted utility with a long-run s...

In this paper, we study the performance properties of phase II exponential chart with an unknown in-control (IC) rate parameter, used to monitor high-yield processes. The average time signal (ATS) is as criterion instead usual run length (ARL). Based on IC conditional ATS (CATS) distribution, examine both equal-tailed and ATS-unbiased charts estimated control limits adjust so that a nominal ach...