The exogenous semantics approach to enriching a logic consists in defining each model in the enrichment as a set of models in the original logic plus some relevant structure. We illustrate the approach by probabilizing classical propositional logic, including a novel global propositional logic. A model of the probability logic is a probability space where the outcomes are classical valuations. ...

We introduce a logic BI in which a multiplicative (or linear) and an additive (or intuitionistic) implication live side-by-side. The propositional version of BI arises from an analysis of the proof-theoretic relationship between conjunction and implication; it can be viewed as a merging of intuitionistic logic and multiplicative intuitionistic linear logic. The naturality of BI can be seen cate...

—In this paper, we examine and compare De Morgan-, Kleene-, and Boolean-disjunctive and conjunctive normal forms and consider their role in fuzzy settings. In particular, we show that there are normal forms and truth tables for classical fuzzy propositional logic and intervalvalued fuzzy propositional logic that are completely analogous to those for Boolean propositional logic. Thus, determinin...

There are many reasons why a computer scientist should study logic. For example, logic underlies the reasoning in mathematical statements. In particular, proving that a program meets its specification is argued with the help of logical deductions. We begin by studying propositional logic, which is one of the simplest logical theories. Nevertheless, propositional logic has a large number of appl...

In this paper, we examine and compare De Morgan-, Kleene-, and Booleandisjunctive and conjunctive normal forms and consider their role in fuzzy settings. In particular, we describe normal forms and truth tables for classical fuzzy propositional logic and interval-valued fuzzy propositional logic that are completely analogous to those for Boolean propositional logic. Thus, determining logical eq...