In the West, Translation Studies as a discipline has a very short but lively history. Founded in the early 1970s in the Low Countries—Holland and Belgium—translation studies is a fairly new field. Yet, today some theorists suggest that the discipline is too limited to translated texts and excludes much translation data being generated from other fields of inquiry, including theater, art, archit...

translation is an activity that crystalizes borders. in aworld with good translations, there are no borders but the wall is not made ofconcrete. there are boundaries but crystal walls that has emerged from the workof translators. in a world, where borders is inevitable translation is a way tocleanse borders of factious and desperate. if we translate in accordance to thetheory of antoine berman,...

the advanced global mechanical translation system has the skill of translating a thousand pages in less than two minutes, a task which may take over a year by a professional translator. although critics find fault with the new system of translation especially in its low-quality output, yet mechanical translation seems to be progressing at an enormous speed. one must, however, remember that the ...

The present study assessed the construct validity and reliability of a researcher-constructed psycho-motor mechanism scale based on the communicative theory of translation proposed by PACTE (2003). In doing so, the necessary criteria for designing the scale were obtained by a thorough review of related literature on previously constructed scales in error analysis or holistic ones. Moreover, in ...