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When a customer owns multiple credit cards, the selection of a credit card for a purchase payment is rarely done systematically. Furthermore, the customer has no online options to pay a high cost item with multiple cards. This paper presents a flexible Payment Recommender (PR) system that helps the customer to make a decision on identifying a group of credit cards, called Virtual Card, which pr...

Abstract For any real number ? \kappa and integer n ? 4 n\ge 4 , the Cycl ( ) {{\rm{Cycl}}}_{n}\left(\kappa ) condition introduced by Gromov ( CAT(?)-spaces: construction concentratio...

We compared Mycobacterium tuberculosis sputum culture recovery and contamination rates between Lowenstein-Jensen medium (LJ) containing the following decontaminants and LJ alone: (i) PANTA (n = 299), (ii) Selectatab-MB (n = 299), and (iii) penicillin G (n = 234). The contamination rate for LJ alone was approximately 31%, versus 5.0% for PANTA-containing, 2% for Selectatab-containing, and 9% for...

Single-unit recording studies were undertaken in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats to compare the effects on dorsal raphe cell firing of several putative 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)1A receptor antagonists, including WAY 100635 (N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide), p-MPPI (4-(2-methoxyphenyl)1-[2'-[N-(2"-pyridinyl)-p-iodobenzamido]ethyl] pip erazin...

We classify, up to homeomorphism, all closed manifolds having the homotopy type of a connected sum of two copies of real projective n-space. 1. Statement of results Let P = Pn(R) be real projective n-space. López de Medrano [LdM71] and C.T.C. Wall [Wal68, Wal99] classified, up to PL homeomorphism, all closed PL manifolds homotopy equivalent to P when n > 4. This was extended to the topological ...

We investigate how human observers make use of three candidate cues in their lightness judgments. Each cue potentially provides information about the spatial distribution of light sources in complex, rendered 3D scenes. The illumination (lighting model) of each scene consisted of a punctate light source combined with a diffuse light source. The cues were (1) cast shadows, (2) surface shading, a...

One of the key directions in complexity theory which has also filtered through to cryptographic research, is the effort to classify related but seemingly distinct notions. Separation or reduction arguments are the basic means for this classification. Continuing this direction we identify a class of problems, called “matching problems,” which are related to the class of “decision problems.” In m...

We introduce compactness theorems for generalized colorings and derive several particular compactness theorems from them. It is proved that the theorems and many of their consequences are equivalent in ZF set theory to BPI, the Prime Ideal Theorem for Boolean algebras. keywords: generalized graph colorings, compactness, prime ideal theorem MSC: 05C15; 03E25 .

For two differential systems, an algorithm which permits us to say whether reflecting functions of these systems coincide or not is given. It allows studying qualitative properties of these two systems simultaneously. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.