An experiment is reported that compared expandable indexes providing full menu context with sequential menus providing only partial context. Menu depth was varied using hierarchies of 2, 3, and 4 levels deep in an asymmetric structure of 457 root level items. Menus were presented on the World Wide Web within a browser. Participants searched for specific targets. Results suggest that reducing th...

The development of human genetics world-wide during the twentieth century, especially across Europe, has occurred against a background of repeated catastrophes, including two world wars and the ideological problems and repression posed by Nazism and Communism. The published scientific literature gives few hints of these problems and there is a danger that they will be forgotten. The First World...

(Enterobacteriaceae Center of Japan) Dysentery cases have been increasing in Japan since the end of the second world war. Especially in the year 1951, reported cases were largest during these years. The present paper is dealing with the typing of Shigella strains isolated in Japan during the year 1951, and forwarded to our laboratory mostly for type-identification and partly to meet our request...

Background The Economics Branch of the Department of Trade and Commerce was the outgrowth of the Economics Branch of the Department of Reconstruction and Supply. The latter department had responsibility for the administration of the transition from World War II mobilization to a peacetime economy. Its minister was the legendary C.D. Howe. The magnitude of its task can be appreciated when it is ...

Leishmaniasis affects 1.5-2 million new cases in the world annually. Two major complications of cutaneous leishamaniasis include diffuse cutaneous leishamaniasis (DCL ) occurring in the setting of deficient cell mediated immunity, typically with HIV infection, and chronic cutaneous leishamaniasis (CCL ) developing in approximately 4% of L. tropica infections in Iran and Afghanistan which also m...

Alvin W. Gouldner (1920--1980) was a prolific sociologist of the post-World War II era who spent the early part of his career (the 1950s) in the field of industrial sociology. A case study of Gouldner's early life and career is useful insofar as it intertwines with the development of industrial sociology as a distinct subfield within sociology. Through this analysis we are also better able to u...

This essay deals with the unique influence that physics and physicists have had on U.S. federal policy since World War II. I identify some "lessons learned" from the last six decades and speculate about the future of U.S. physics and physicists as advisors to future presidents.