This study is aimed at exploring how different formulations of the same mathematical item may influence students’ answers, and whether or not boys girls are equally affected by differences in presentation. An experimental design was employed: stem-items (i.e., items with content question intent) were formulated differently administered to a probability sample 1647 students (grade 8). All achiev...

BACKGROUND Despite the potential benefits of reducing the risk of osteoporosis in later life, research on adolescent girls' weight-bearing physical activity (WBPA) is limited. This study explores correlates for WBPA in this population. METHODS A nationally representative telephone survey sponsored by the National Bone Health Campaign was conducted with 1000 girls age 9 to 12 years and a paren...

background and aim: sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (sha) test is one of the most effective and best-tolerated methods to assess vestibular system function, especially horizontal semicircular canal in children. a prerequisite for using this test in children, is the availability of normative data. despite of the numerous studies related to the sha in adults, few researches have been documented ...

BACKGROUND Studies in youth highlight that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and screen-time behaviours such as television viewing and PC use are associated with a range of health outcomes. However, little is known about recent trends in these behaviours in adolescents. This paper presents time trends in German adolescents' television time, non-gaming PC use as well as MVPA from 200...

Venereal disease in teenage patients, and especially in teenage girls, has attracted attention and comment in recent years throughout the world. The numbers of teenage girls attending the V.D. clinics of the City of Manchester have increased three-fold since 1955 (Table I), but the absolute numbers, 113 cases of gonorrhoea in 1962, out of a total population of two and half millions, suggests th...

The interplay between youth development staff and STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) professionals can influence girls’ interest in STEM careers. Build IT, an afterschool and summer youth-based curriculum for middle school girls, uses design, communication technologies, and structured interactions with IT professionals to encourage girls’ IT fluency, interest in mathematic...

Background and Objectives: Children malnutrition is a serious problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. The present study designed to investigate nutritional statuses and their associated risk factors in school-going children in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This study included 650 children (391 boys and 249 girls) aged 5–13 years old, living in the rural area of northern Ban...

BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine active compounds, including bisphenol A (BPA), remains poorly characterized in developing countries despite the fact that behavioral practices related to westernization have the potential to influence exposure. BPA is a high production volume chemical that has been associated with metabolic dysfunction as well as behavioral and developmental effects in people, i...