health reforms that emphasize public health and improvements in primary care can be cost-effective measures to achieve health improvements, especially in developing countries that face severe resource constraints. in their paper “shanghai rising: health improvements as measured by avoidable mortality since 2000,” gusmano et al suggest that shanghai’s health policy-makers have been successful in...

This paper proposes a conceptual framework for explaining the main barriers and drivers of public eservice development and the relationships among them, especially in developing countries. This framework increases the chance of success of e-service projects in the governments of developing countries and provides a basic context within which the process and practice of e-service can be implement...

background and aim: iron deficiency anemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world today. it affects the lives of millions of women and children through contributing to poor cognitive development, increased maternal mortality and decreased work capacity.  because of the important role of iron in the physical and cognitive health, and for the universal consideration of eradicati...

Since 1960s and the following financial crisis in developing countries, a wide research has been conducted on financial capability of states in repayment of their debts. Though having been considered at various importance levels during the past decades, this subject seems to have today become a controversial issue in economic discourses. In principle, three indices are applied to determine the ...

rapid population increase, expanding urbanization, lack of employment opportunities, particularly in agriculture, population pressure on natural resources and failing to create and expand medium and large industries, especially in developing countries led industrialization strategy that these countries from the mid-decade villages 1970 in their development programs to consider. this year emphas...

in the current age, having entrepreneur approach to public administration in public organizations is one of the critical issues that affect the output of the organizations, especially in developing and less developing countries. although the approach is vital for public organizations, but unfortunately, few studies focused on it. the nature of the study is quantitative and based on applied and ...

extensive studies in human development show that achieving stable human development without considering the social and economic development of women in different aspects of life would not be possible. regarding the situation of women in different societies, the importance of the issue appear to be more important in developing countries. considering the key role of governments, the impact of gov...

pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in young children worldwide. early diagnosis and empiric antibacterial therapy is an important strategy to improve outcome. the world health organization (who) has developed case management guidelines to reduce pneumonia-related deaths through early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment. for management purpose, pneumonia is subclassified by its severity....

abstract prevention of infectious diseases by immunization in children has markedly diminished the morbidity and mortality of once common contagious diseases in many countries worldwide. immunization programs have led to the global eradication of smallpox, elimination of measles and poliomyelitis in regions of the world, and substantial reduction in the morbidity and mortality attributed to dip...