While party splits are a relatively frequent phenomenon in many new and established democracies, the systematic empirical research on electoral competition after schisms is limited. The analysis of more than 200 splits across 25 European countries in the post-war period addresses this gap in the literature. The study shows that the vote share of rump and splinter parties in the first election a...

Quantum Key Exchange (QKE, also known as Quantum Key Distribution or QKD) allows communicating parties to securely establish cryptographic keys. It is a well-established fact that all QKE protocols require that the parties have access to an authentic channel. Without this authenticated link, QKE is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. Unfortunately this fact is frequently overlooked, result...

Quantum Key Exchange (QKE, also known as Quantum Key Distribution or QKD) allows communicating parties to securely establish cryptographic keys. It is a well-established fact that all QKE protocols require that the parties have access to an authentic channel. Without this authenticated link, QKE is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. Overlooking this fact results in exaggerated claims and/...

The study analyses the relevance of trade agreement between Colombia and European Union as a policy that promotes them (export import flows) and, subsequently, establishes its effectiveness in reducing deficit former. Furthermore, paper determinants flows parties, emphasizing effect factor endowment on their bilateral trade. We use panel data set from 2005 to 2019, wherein export countries are ...

56 percutaneous nephrostomies were evaluated in 50 patients, with a malignant underlying factor in 32 and benign conditions in 24. The clinical indication was decompression for supravesical obstruction with or without azotemia in the majority of cases. Less common indications were management of ureteral fistula, ureteral stricture dilatation, and pelvic stone extraction. Serious complicati...

In wild aquatic birds and poultry around the world, influenza A viruses carrying 15 antigenic subtypes of hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 antigenic subtypes of neuraminidase (NA) have been described. Here we describe a previously unidentified antigenic subtype of HA (H16), detected in viruses circulating in black-headed gulls in Sweden. In agreement with established criteria for the definition of anti...