BACKGROUND Genotypic molecular testing may be very helpful for tuberculosis (TB) drug-resistance surveillance and for treatment guidance in low resource settings. METHODS Descriptive analysis of M. tuberculosis isolates from Beira Central Hospital, Mozambique, during 2014-2015. Genotype MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl were used and patient medical records reviewed. To explore genotypic susceptibility p...

RATIONALE Moxifloxacin has promising preclinical activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but has not been evaluated in multidrug treatment of tuberculosis in humans. OBJECTIVE To compare the impact of moxifloxacin versus ethambutol, both in combination with isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide, on sputum culture conversion at 2 mo as a measure of the potential sterilizing activity of al...

Previously established radiometric techniques were used to assess the effectiveness of combined antimicrobial drug-inhibitory drug (drug-inhibitor) treatment on two clinical isolates of the Mycobacterium avium complex representing three colony variants: smooth opaque (dome) (SmO), smooth transparent (SmT), and rough (Rg). All variants were identified as members of the M. avium complex; however,...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Modern antituberculous treatment can cure most patients; cure rates > 95% are achieved with standard short-course chemotherapy regimens containing isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol among patients with drug-susceptible strains of tuberculosis; however, a small proportion do not respond to treatment or...

Electromagnetic (EM) bubbles (EMB's), unipolar, super-short, and intense nonoscillating solitary pulses of EM radiation, can be generated in a gas of nonlinear atoms by available half-cycle pulses (HCP's). We investigate how EMB's characteristics (amplitude, length, formation distance, and total number) are controlled by the amplitude and length of originating HCP's. We also predict shocklike w...

An exploratory study is made of the nucleon-nucleon s-wave scattering lengths in quenched lattice QCD with the Wilson quark action. The π-N and π-π scattering lengths are also calculated for comparison. The calculations are made with heavy quarks corresponding to mπ/mρ ≈ 0.73 − 0.95. The results show that the N -N system has an attractive force in both spin-singlet and triplet channels, with th...

Two antimycobacterial drugs ethambutol (EMB) and isoniazid (INH) were found to result in decreases of biomechanical properties including adhesion force, cell wall spring constant, and Young's modulus in Mycobacterium sp. strain JLS (M. JLS).

Treatment of tuberculosis: A 6-month regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide given for 2 months followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 months is effective treatment in patients with fully susceptible organisms who comply with the treatment regimen. It may be advisable to include ethambutol in the initial phase when isoniazid resistance is suspected. A 9-month regimen consi...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and trends of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization. METHODS We retrospectively identified M tuberculosis isolates from January 1989 to December 2003. Antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS From 1989 to 2003, 276 nonrepet...

INTRODUCTION In Kenya, which ranks thirteenth of 27 high tuberculosis burden countries, diagnosis is based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining alone and patients are treated without information on sensitivity patterns. This study aimed to determine resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary samples. METHODOLOGY Pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Nairobi were randomly samp...