The aqueous mixtures of light gas molecules under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions are candidates to form gas hydrate clathrates. The formation of gas hydrate may lead to various problems and extra charges in natural gas production and processing. The presence of hydrate crystals forming a stable solid phase can potentially block the wells, pipes, and process facilities. To avoid su...

background: dna damage is one of the major consequences of radiation exposure onto the biological systems. a series of compounds including flavanoids were found to render dna protection against radiation damage. in this study we elucidated the potential of rutin and rutin hydrate to protect plasmid dna against damage induced by irradiation. materials and methods: dpph and hydroxyl radical scave...

Three new types of Gemini amphiphiles (N ,N ?-bis-(4-decyloxybenzylidene)-ethane-1,2-diamine, N ,N ?-bis-(4decyloxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-ethane-1,2-diamine, and (N ,N ?-bis-(4-decyloxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-ethane-1,2diamine)copper(II) were synthesized. Their aggregation behaviors were studied by TEM observation and monolayer experiments. It was found that the vesicle formation and transformat...

Clathrate hydrates are crystalline compounds formed by a physically stable interaction between water and relatively small guest molecules. Under suitable conditions of guest pressure and temperature, water molecules, via hydrogen bonds, form into polyhedral cavities that connect to give space-filling frameworks. Because of partial cage filling, these crystalline compounds are nonstoichiometric....

The phase diagram for methane + water is explained, in relation to hydrate applications, such as in flow assurance and in nature. For natural applications, the phase diagram determines the regions for hydrate formation for twoand three-phase conditions. Impacts are presented for sample preparation and recovery. We discuss an international study for “Round Robin” hydrate sample preparation proto...

The stability of hydrate frameworks is influenced by guest molecules capable of hydrogen bonding with surrounding water molecules. Four remarkable features from the ammonium fluoride incorporation into a crystalline hydrate matrix provide important information on the thermodynamic stability, formation kinetics, structural characteristics, and molecular behavior in clathrate hydrate systems.

The hydrogenolysis of ethane has been investigated on clean and Ni-covered Pt( 1 1 1) at reactant partial pressures between 0.5 and 4 Torr of ethane and between 80 and 270 Torr of hydrogen and for surface temperatures from 550 to 640 K. On clean Pt( 1 1 1) the hydrogenolysis reaction proceeds with an activation energy of 36.6 kcal/mol and reaction orders in C2H6 and H2 pressures of 1 and -1.8, ...

This paper describes a one-dimensional numerical model for natural gas production from the dissociation of methane hydrate in hydrate-capped gas reservoir under depressurization and thermal stimulation. Some of the hydrate reservoirs discovered are overlying a free-gas layer, known as hydrate-capped gas reservoirs. These reservoirs are thought to be easiest and probably the first type of hydrat...

The importance of kinetic hydrate inhibitors is increasing due to its low cost compared to thermodynamic inhibitors and the corresponding benefits for exploitation of small marginal fields. This stimulates further investigations of the primary mechanisms for the induction times before onset of massive hydrate growth. The hypothesis in this work is that combinations of transport rate limitations...