Domestication has provided the horse with food, shelter, veterinary care and protection, allowing individuals an increased chance of survival. However, the restriction of movement, limited breeding opportunities and a requirement to expend energy, for the benefit of another species, conflict with the evolutionary processes which shaped the behaviour of its predecessors. The behaviour of the hor...

enough to be of much assistance in geologic mappmg. The Martinsburg shales which flank several of the Jacksonburg aress on the northwest are quite insoluble, and form hills that rise from 100 to 300 feet above the Jacksonburg level. In some parts of the county the break in slope at the base of the shale hills in&c&s clearly the contact between the Jacksonburg and Martinsburg formations. In othe...

An important habit of ciliates, namely, their behavioral preference for walls, is revealed through experiments and hydrodynamic simulations. A simple mechanical response of individual ciliary beating (i.e., the beating is stalled by the cilium contacting a wall) can solely determine the sliding motion of the ciliate along the wall and result in a wall-preferring behavior. Considering ciliate et...

Equitation science is an evidence-based approach to horse training and riding that focuses on a thorough understanding of both equine ethology and learning theory. This combination leads to more effective horse training, but also plays a role in keeping horse riders and trainers safe around horses. Equitation science underpins ethical equitation, and recognises the limits of the horse's cogniti...

My goal is to outline an evolutionary neuropsychological foundation for spiritual and religious experiences. Central to this account are concepts from archetypal psychology, which, on the one hand, explain the structure of common religious experiences, but, on the other, are grounded in ethology and evolutionary biology. From this it follows that certain religious phenomena are objective, in th...

In preparing for my presentation, I was recommended several review articles from compilations on bird vocalizations. I based much of my presentation on this particular review. It is a bizarre combination of a little bit of ethology and a good many predictions on how environmental features should influence the evolution of characteristics of bird song such as frequency, amplitude, modulatory emp...

Around the turn of the century, there was a perception in some circles that behavioural ecology was dead [1]. However, the fashions in behavioural ecology that were then seen in decline were in fact dead before they were born (as indeed any science that thrives on fashion rather than discovery). Fields such as ‘fluctuating asymmetry’ and ‘UV vision’ have sunk into oblivion for all the right rea...

MATHIEU DENOEL* , § , HOWARD H. WHITEMAN †, § AND SCOTT A. WISSINGER ‡, § *Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology, Behavioural Biology Unit, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY, U.S.A. Biology Department, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA, U.S.A. Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, C...

G. De Groof, M. Verhoye, A. Leemans, M. Eens, V. M. Darras, and A. Van der Linden Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Vision Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Ethology Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Animal ...

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