This paper revisits the semantics of marker ʃikil in Jordanian Arabic (henceforth, JA) which has been analyzed as indirect evidential previous literature (Al-Malahmeh 2013; Jarrah & Alshamari 2017, and others). The argues that is a propositional-level rather than an illocutionary-level operator therefore amenable to modal analysis. also provides evidence epistemic modality system JA can be ...

Requests are at the core of many social media systems such as question & answer sites and online philanthropy communities. While the success of such requests is critical to the success of the community, the factors that lead community members to satisfy a request are largely unknown. Success of a request depends on factors like who is asking, how they are asking, when are they asking, and most ...

movement There are often curious misalignments between an expressive’s syntactic position and its semantic argument. To what extent is this like well-known scope-shifting phenomena? Intervention effects Expressives often induce strong interventions effects, though the reasons for this are only beginning to be understood (Kratzer 1999; von Fintel 2003; Kaufmann 2004). Theory design Expressives r...

This article offers a framework for analysing the linguistic resources of intersubjective positioning, meanings which have elsewhere been treated under such headings as modality, polarity, evidentiality, hedging, concession, intensification, attribution and consequentiality. Drawing inspiration from Bakhtin/Vološinov’s dialogic perspective, it proposes that this lexicogrammatically diverse grou...

This paper outlines the first phase of the PRAGMATEXT project. The aim of PRAGMATEXT is to introduce pragmatic knowledge into the transcriptions of CORAL-ROM, a spontaneous spoken corpus of Spanish. The paper is divided in four sections. The first section presents the most relevant features of the C-ORAL-ROM corpus. The second describes the pragmatic-discursive annotation model. The phenomena t...

Abstract This paper provides a systematic description and analysis of the non-predictive use Italian future. Several authors claim that, on this use, future is an evidential (Squartini 2001, Mari 2010, Eckardt Beltrama 2019, Frana Menéndez-Benito 2019). Others argue that does not directly contribute signal (e.g., Giannakidou 2018, Farkas Ippolito 2022). We side with camp. From empirical standpo...

This paper will explain the asymmetry parallelism between node ‘because’ and toki ‘when’ in terms of the availability of Evidential Phrase in syntax, following the analysis by Chinque [1], Speas [2] and Tenny [3]. This (in)compatibility of Evidential Phrases with Adjunct Clauses is further motivated by the syntax-semantics difference of Adjunct Clauses discussed by Johnston [4].

The current study is A critical Discourse Analysis to the Self-representation in Joe Biden's speech ''On fighting COVID-19 pandemic''. problem of lies scarcity studies that tackle self-representation speeches about Covid-19 rescue plan. attempts answer following question: what are strategies used by Biden ''on pandemic'' . It has hypothesized certain adopted on three levels analysis: meaning le...

This paper argues that evidential clitics in St’át’imcets (a.k.a. Lillooet; Northern Interior Salish) introduce quantification over possible worlds and must be analyzed as epistemic modals. We thus add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that the functions of encoding information source and encoding epistemic modality are not necessarily distinct. However, St’át’imcets evidentials differ...

It has been shown that, at least in certain languages, tense is represented in nominals (Lecarme 1996, 2004). It is therefore important to consider whether the interplay between tense and modality which is commonly found in clauses exists in the nominal domain as well. This article investigates the non-temporal meanings of nominal tenses in Somali, an Afroasiatic language. It explores the condi...