The extant literature suggests that complex firms can benefit from independent non-executive director (INED) quality. To address the issue of INED quality, we look at heterogeneity in directors' (INEDs') attributes and explore whether this is related to risk-taking behaviour large banks. We gather novel, hand-collected, director-level data for approximately 2400 directors (INEDs) 185 global ban...

The Independent Evaluation Group is an independent unit within the World Bank Group; it reports directly to the Bank's Board of Executive Directors. IEG assesses what works, and what does not; how a borrower plans to run and maintain a project; and the lasting contribution of the Bank to a country's overall development. The goals of evaluation are to learn from experience, to provide an objecti...

As an important topic in the field of corporate governance, influence board directors’ characteristics on profitability corporations is examined here. This paper examines and chief executive officers’ (CEO) banks Serbia. In this study, boards directors were terms size participation women, CEOs similarly women’s participation. The research was conducted a sample 23 commercial from Serbia period ...

Using a broad sample of the largest European companies, I examine whether the two governance mechanisms, namely (i) independent monitoring by a board of directors and (ii) grants and disclosures of incentive-based executive pay, are substitutes for one another. I find that companies with proportionately more executives on their boards of directors grant greater incentive-based pay to their exec...

Although results from multiple studies conducted over the last two decades indicate that Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT) is an effective treatment for married or cohabiting alcohol- and drug-abusing patients, both in terms of reduced substance use and improved relationship satisfaction, it is unclear whether BCT or other types of couples-based interventions are used in community-based substanc...

Reformists argue that Japanese firms maintain inefficiently few outside directors, while theory suggests market competition should drive firms toward their firm-specifically optimal board structure (if any). The debate suggests three testable hypotheses. First, perhaps board composition does not matter. If so, then firm performance will show no relation to board structure, but outsiders will be...

Improving the regulation of banks has been at the centre of economic policy actions since the outbreak of the global fi nancial crisis. One of the many and conceptually very diff erent measures proposed is to improve the corporate governance of banks by setting qualifi cation standards for banks’ non-executive directors. To explore the rationale of such a regulation implemented in Germany, we c...

This paper is a contribution to the draft rural development strategy for the World Bank, which is currently pending approval by the Board of Executive Directors. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions are the author's own and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its management, its Board of Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Some of the numbers quoted are estim...

Pooling resources, knowledge and technologies is a necessity in the health sector. Many hospitals do so through alliances with compatible establishments, which have been studied from the organizational perspective for many years. However, many alliances are reported to fail and the conditions which could foster their success are still not well known. The aim of this exploratory study was to ide...

Data on caries increments and costs of prevention programs are presented as background information for participants in the workshop. Estimates of annual caries increments were derived from control groups in clinical trials, epidemiologic studies, and national surveys. Cost data were obtained from dental public health directors, program administrators, fluoridation engineers, and water plant ope...