Previous studies suggest improved learning when participants actively intervene rather than passively observe the stimuli in a judgment task. In two experiments the authors investigate if this improvement generalizes to multiple cue judgment tasks where judgments may be formed from abstract knowledge of cue-criterion relations or exemplar memory. More specific hypotheses were that intervention ...

Decision-boundary theories of categorization are often difficult to distinguish from exemplar-based theories of categorization. The authors developed a version of the decision-boundary theory, called the single-cutoff model, that can be distinguished from the exemplar theory. The authors present 2 experiments that test this decision-boundary model. The results of both experiments point strongly...

This article considers the exemplar theories which are independently developing in phonetics and in syntax, and argues that they jointly make some predictions that neither does alone. One of these predictions is explored in the context of two sound changes which occurred in the history of New Zealand English. We show that both of these phonetic changes were affected by phrase-level factors. The...

What determines the direction of technological change within an industry? In this presentation it is argued that technological exemplars play a key role. An exemplar is a design model or pattern to be built upon and imitated. Koen Frenken’s model of technological paradigm formation suggests that the selective construction of a design over time produces an exemplar with ‘locked-in’ core elements...

We present a motion exemplar approach for tracking human figures in monocular videos. A motion correlation technique is employed to measure the motion similarity at various space-time locations between the input video and stored video templates. These observations are used to predict the conditional state distributions of exemplars and joint positions. An efficient template hierarchy is generat...

Four experiments are presented that competitively test rule- and exemplar-based models of human categorization behavior. Participants classified stimuli that varied on a unidimensional axis into 2 categories. The stimuli did not consistently belong to a category; instead, they were probabilistically assigned. By manipulating these assignment probabilities, it was possible to produce stimuli for...

BACKGROUND Health risk assessments with tailored feedback plus health education have been shown to be effective for promoting health behavior change. However, there is limited evidence to guide the development and delivery of online automated tailored feedback. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to optimize tailored feedback messages for an online health risk assessment to promote enhanced ...

This article describes the phonetic process of post-nasal devoicing in Tswana. We propose a multi-agent exemplar model with various interaction schemes which include factors like functional and social biases in order to account for this counter-intuitive phenomenon. Our novel hybrid multi-agent modeling framework facilitates investigation of sound change by combining the sociophonetic model of ...

This study describes integration of an articulatory factor into the exemplar-based Context Sequence Model of speech production, CSM [10], which builds on the concept of a speech perceptionproduction loop. It has been demonstrated that selection of new exemplars for speech production is based on about 0.5 s of preceding acoustic context and following linguistic match of the exemplars. This inves...

In two experiments we examined which cognitive processes people use in a non-linear multiple cue judgment task, proposing that people are not able to use explicit cue abstraction when judging objects with a non-linear structure between the cues of the objects and the criterion and therefore they are forced to use exemplar-based processes. Consistent with the results reveal strong exemplar effec...