This study explores the relationship between the vehicle exhaust emissions caused by a trip and the characteristics of the driver involved. The hypothesis formulated is that certain ‘groups’ of individuals produce more emissions (per kilometre) than others and therefore should be treated differently when aiming vehicle emission reduction. To support this hypothesis an activity-based survey coll...

The paper presents the results of modelling thermal cycle of internal combustion engine including exhaust gas recirculation. The test engine can not achieve the optimum parameters of work due to occurrence of the knock combustion. The influence of EGR on the limits of the knock occurrence in the engine was studied. It turned out that few percent of exhaust gases in the fresh charge effectively ...

Composting is an effective waste management technology for converting animal wastes into valuable organic fertilizer. However, air emissions from composting, especially ammonia (NH3) emission, reduces the nitrogen fertilizer value of the compost and greatly impacts the environment. Ammonia emission from commercial composting facilities is not well understood and is limiting mitigation or recove...

The experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of different opening ranges of waste gate of a turbocharged medium displacement spark ignition engine on improving work parameters such as exhaust emission, torque characteristics and fuel consumption. The object of the experimental tests was an engine with modified intake and exhaust manifolds. The intake and exhaust manifold modi...

The aim of the paper is to compare results obtained by experiments and numerical analysis for vehicle exhaust pollutant emissions and concentrations in urban area. Special attention was plaid to problems of vehicle pollutant emission and dispersion caused by cold start. For description of emission sources a multi-point model was applying. In the model every vehicle is treated as a single moveab...

According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guidelines, when calculating CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions from biomass should be excluded from the total amount of CO2 emissions and should be separately reported due to their “carbon neutrality”. Sewage sludge is one of the representative biomass fuels. It is mixed with fossil fuels to achieve greenhouse gas reduction or is used...

OBJECTIVES The study objective was to assemble emission characteristics of the sources of the ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to elaborate methods of organizing them into the sources' chemical profiles. MATERIAL AND METHODS The UNMIX--sensor modeling method from the U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA)--was used to process the VOC concentration data acquired over the years 2...

This paper reports a CFD modeling study on the possibility of using high temperature and low oxygen content exhaust gases as oxidant for combustion in an industrial furnace by a written computer program. Under these conditions,the predicted results for the flow and heat transfer properties are compared with those under the several cases of conventional and highly preheated...

According to the IPCC guidelines, CO2 emissions from biomass should be excluded from the entire amount of CO2 emissions when calculating CO2 emissions and should be separately reported due to the “carbon neutrality.” Sewage sludge is one of the representative biomass fuels. And it is mixed with fossil fuels in terms of greenhouse gas reduction or is used as fuel to replace fossil fuels by itsel...

Biodiesel extracted from Scenedesmus obliquus algae through transesterification was used in the current study. Due to disadvantages of using pure biodiesel engines, it as B50 (a blend 50% diesel and biodiesel). To enhance engine performance, n-pentane different extents 5, 10, 15 ml per liter an enhancer additive. Through performance tests, found that best addition caused increase brake thermal ...