Abstract. We investigate the boundary-layer (BL) height at Hyytiälä in southern Finland diagnosed from radiosonde observations, a microwave radiometer (MWR) and ERA5 reanalysis. Four different, pre-existing algorithms are used to diagnose BL radiosondes. The is sensitive method used. level of agreement, sign systematic bias between four different methods, depends on surface-layer stability. For...

Surface roughness parameters, namely the roughness length and displacement height, are an integral input used to model surface fluxes. However, most models assume these parameters to be a fixed property of plant functional type and disregard the governing structural heterogeneity and dynamics. In this study, we use large-eddy simulations to explore, in silico, the effects of canopy-structure ch...

a solid – liquid – gas, multiphase reactor, called inverse fluidized bed bioreactor (ifbbr) was used in this study for the treatment of starch industry wastewater of high organic content and acidic nature. mixed culture obtained from the sludge, taken from starch industry effluent treatment plant, was used as microorganisms. experiments were carried out in an inverse fluidized bed bioreacto...

Linear mountain wave theory is used to derive the general formulas of the gravity wave momentum flux (WMF) and its vertical divergence that develop in directionally sheared flows with constant vertical shear. Height variations of theWMF and its vertical divergence are studied for a circular bell-shapedmountain. The results show that the magnitude of the WMF decreases with height owing to variab...

Aboriginal stature across a range of South Australian environments is investigated. Comparison is made between ancient, historical and modern populations. Stature of skeletal remains from the ancient Swanport burial ground was compared against published results for the Roonka site. Stature was reconstructed using Pretty et al. [1998] and the Trotter-Gleser [1952, 1977] method for Blacks. The Sw...

In this paper, we present a photometric stereo algorithm for estimating surface height. We follow recent work that uses photometric ratios to obtain a linear formulation relating surface gradients and image intensity. Using smoothed finite difference approximations for the surface gradient, we are able to express surface height recovery as a linear least squares problem that is large but sparse...

the present investigation entails a procedure by which the surface tension and viscosity of liquids could be redicted.to this end, capillary experiments were performed for porous media by utilizing fifteen different liquids and powders. the time of capillary rise to a certain known height of each liquid in a particular powder was recorded. two artificial neural networks (anns) were designed and...