The principle that revisions to the expectation of a security’s value should be unforecastable identifies this expectation as a martingale. When price changes can plausibly be assumed covariance stationary, this in turn motivates interest in the random walk. In the presence of the market frictions featured in many microstructure models, however, this expectation does not invariably coincide wit...

Evaluating the expectation of a quantum circuit is classically difficult problem known as mean value (QMV). It used to optimize approximate optimization algorithm and other variational eigensolvers. We show that such an can be improved substantially by using approximation rather than exact expectation. Together with efficient classical sampling algorithms, minimal gate count thus improve effici...

Purpose This study aims to examine the moderating effect of audit firm tenure on association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and value. Prior studies provide mixed results this association, which may be due differing theoretical expectations related CSR It is also possible that external stakeholders are unable differentiate positive negative investments, as reports generally not a...

The sustainable development of higher vocational colleges meets the demand for technical skills talents in market, and is also a great positive factor quality improvement China's manufacturing industry. As main force skill talent college students are most important group need attention support education system. Based on real situation China, SEM equation structure model used to study relationsh...