background: although stabilization ponds and lagoons are suitable treatment processes due to simplicity of operation and low per capital costs, the effluents of these systems have too high of a total suspended solids concentration to be discharged into receiving waters. this problem is mainly caused by algae. in this study, an electro-coagulation reactor was examined to re­move algae from the f...

We study the expected distribution of massive black hole (MBH) spins and its evolution with cosmic time in the context of hierarchical galaxy formation theories. Our model uses Monte Carlo realizations of the merger hierarchy in a ΛCDM cosmology, coupled to semi-analytical recipes, to follow the merger history of dark matter halos, the dynamics of the MBHs they host, and their growth via gas ac...