6.1 Introduction Peer-to-Peer systems are distributed systems without centralized control or hierarchical organization, in which each node runs software with equivalent functionality. A review of the features of recent Peer-to-Peer applications yields a long list: redundant storage, permanence, selection of nearby servers, anonymity, search, authentication, and hierarchical naming. Despite this...

Collaborative networks are common in real life, where domain experts work together to solve tasks issued by customers. How to model the proficiency of experts is critical for us to understand and optimize collaborative networks. Traditional expertise models, such as topic model based methods, cannot capture two aspects of human expertise simultaneously: Specialization (what area an expert is go...

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This paper explores the relevance of the debate about ethical expertise for the practice of clinical ethics. We present definitions, explain three theories of ethical expertise, and identify arguments that have been brought up to either support the concept of ethical expertise or call it into question. Finally, we discuss four theses: the debate is relevant for the practice of clinical ethics i...

In diesem Artikel stellen wir einen innovativen Ansatz zur Linderung des Problems mangelnder Kompetenztransparenz in virtuellen Organisationen vor. Ausgangspunkt unserer Überlegungen sind empirische Untersuchungen darüber, wie Akteure in virtuellen Organisationen mit dem Problem umgehen, die vorhandenen Kompetenzen von verteilt arbeitenden Partnern zu erfassen und zu vermitteln. Die Erfahrungen...

This Research Topic sought to advance psychological understanding of expertise by drawing together lines of research from many different domains of expertise. The outcome is a collection of 35 articles in such diverse areas as chess, music, perception, teaching, intensive-care diagnosis, video-games, sports, dance, mathematics, climbing, and fingerprint analysis. The articles can be classed int...

Determinants of Auditor Expertise Author(s): Sarah E. Bonner and Barry L. Lewis Source: Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 28, Studies on Judgment Issues in Accounting and Auditing (1990), pp. 1-20 Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of Accounting Research Center, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2491243 . Accessed: 09/10/2011 12:27

This article provides an overview of expert finding systems which assist in the discovery of distributed expertise. We summarize requirements for expert finders, the current state of the art, and our corporately deployed expert finding system and its performance. We describe research directions in distributed expertise discovery and visualization. Introduction In a global economy, expertise is ...

Why is face recognition so interesting? Within the realm of visual cognition, faces have been afforded a degree of analysis that surpasses most other object categories. There are several reasons for this intense scrutiny. First, faces are critical to us as social beings. Thus, we are inherently interested the mental and neural processes responsible for our ability to recognize, interpret, and r...