In a recent paper,1 K. Asano gave a new proof of the theorem that a domain of integrity has a right quotient ring if and only if every pair of nonzero elements has a common nonzero right multiple. His method of proof is used in the present work to extend the centralizer of a ring over a module to a system of semi-endomorphisms of the module. From this extension, necessary and sufficient conditi...

In this paper we study the network design game when the underlying network is a ring. In a network design game we have a set of players, each of them aims at connecting nodes in a network by installing links and sharing the cost of the installation equally with other users. The ring design game is the special case in which the potential links of the network form a ring. It is well known that in...

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is one of the largest supramolecular structures in eukaryotic cells. Its octagonal ring-scaffold perforates the nuclear envelope and features a unique molecular machinery that regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport. NPCs are composed of ~30 different nucleoporins (Nups), averaged at 8, 16 or 32 copies per NPC. This estimate has not been confirmed for individual NPC...

A composite ice nanotube inside a carbon nanotube has been explored by molecular-dynamics and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. It is made from an octagonal ice nanotube whose hollow space contains hydrophobic guest molecules such as neon, argon, and methane. It is shown that the attractive interaction of the guest molecules stabilizes the ice nanotube. The guest occupancy of the hollow ...

In this paper, we consider a two persons zero sum game with imprecise values in payoff matrix. All the imprecise values are assumed to be octagonal fuzzy numbers. An approach for solving problems by using ranking of the fuzzy numbers has been considered to solve the fuzzy game problem. By using ranking to the payoffs we convert the fuzzy valued game problem to crisp valued game problem, which c...

let r be an associative ring with unity. an element a in r is said to be r-clean if a = e+r, where e is an idempotent and r is a regular (von neumann) element in r. if every element of r is r-clean, then r is called an r-clean ring. in this paper, we prove that the concepts of clean ring and r-clean ring are equivalent for abelian rings. further we prove that if 0 and 1 are the only idempotents...

let r be an associative ring with unity. an element a in r is said to be r-clean if a = e+r, where e is an idempotent and r is a regular (von neumann) element in r. if every element of r is r-clean, then r is called an r-clean ring. in this paper, we prove that the concepts of clean ring and r-clean ring are equivalent for abelian rings. further we prove that if 0 and 1 are the only idempotents...

The nuclear pore complex (NPC), composed of ∼30 different nucleoporins (Nups), is one of the largest supramolecular structures in eukaryotic cells. Its octagonal ring scaffold perforates the nuclear envelope and features a unique molecular machinery that regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport. However, the precise copy number and the spatial location of each Nup in the native NPC remain obscure ...