Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is a type of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB that is resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin, fluoroquinolones and at least one injectable second-line drug. There are insufficient antibiotics for effective combination therapy and mortality exceeds 70% [1]. Following successful phase IIb trials [2] in 2013, the novel mycobacterial ATP-synthase inhibitor...

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death due to an infectious disease, second only to HIV/AIDS worldwide. It is estimated that approximately one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 10% of infected individuals will develop active TB at some point in their lives. MDR-TB or multidrugresistant tuberculosis is a specific form of drug resist...

To describe factors associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR), including extensively-drug-resistant (XDR), tuberculosis (TB) in the United States, we abstracted inpatient, laboratory, and public health clinic records of a sample of MDR TB patients reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from California, New York City, and Texas during 2005-2007. At initial diagnosis, MDR TB w...

Background: Hospital-acquired infections with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) have become a worrisome concern because of unfavorable outcomes and limited antimicrobial treatment options. Studies new substances against XDR-PA show very promising results in different infection types, but the data for central nervous system (CNS) are scarce. Case presentation: Here, we...

RATIONALE The multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) epidemics are rapidly expanding in South Africa. Our initial report of HIV-associated XDR TB in South Africa revealed rapid and near complete mortality. Lower mortality has been described in the literature, but few of these patients have been HIV coinfected. OBJECTIVES To characterize mortality from...

BACKGROUND Sizwe Tropical Diseases Hospital is the only specialized Hospital for the management of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB cases in Gauteng Province. In South Africa, there is a mismatch between numbers of individuals with a laboratory diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and those being referred for the initiation of specialist treatment. W...

Data on availability and cost of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in relation to affordability at national level are scarce. We performed a cross-sectional study on availability and cost of anti-TB drugs at major TB-reference centres in 37 European countries. Costs of standardised treatment regimens used for pan-sensitive TB, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, pre-extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, an...