Aerosol absorption is an important factor in the formation of non-selective radiation extinction in the visible wavelength range, and plays a great role in solving many radiative and climatic problems. The principal absorbing substance in atmospheric aerosol is soot (crystal carbon), which strongly affects the atmospheric transparency, albedo of clouds, and snow cover. The non-selective absorpt...

The oxidation state of chromium in glasses melted in an air atmosphere with and without refining agents was investigated by Cr K-edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) and optical absorption spectroscopy. A good agreement in the relative proportion of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) is obtained between both methods. We show that the chemical dependence of the absorption coefficient of Cr(III) is ...

A new multicomponent formulation, appropriate for use with the finite-volume method, has been developed to describe mass diffusion velocities accurately. The new formulation is applied in a quasi-steady numerical model for n-heptane fuel droplet combustion in a forced-convection environment. Results obtained using the complete formulation are compared to the results obtained under various assum...

Population extinction is a fundamental ecological process which may be aggravated by the exchange of organisms between productive (source) and unproductive (sink) habitat patches. The extent to which such source-sink exchange affects extinction rates is unknown. We conducted an experiment in which metapopulation effects could be distinguished from source-sink effects in laboratory populations o...

CdxZn8-xTe92chalcogenideglass is prepared by melt quenching technique. The thin films of as-prepared glass are deposited by thermal evaporation technique under the vacuum better than 10torr. The optical parameters such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), the absorption coefficient (α), and optical band gap (Eg) are calculated from transmittance spectra in the 200-1800nm region....

Previous attempts to model the joint action of selection and mutation in finite populations have treated population size as being independent of the mutation load. However, the accumulation of deleterious mutations is expected to cause a gradual reduction in population size. Consequently, in small populations random genetic drift will progressively overpower selection making it easier to fix fu...

Fine particulate matter (PM) is capable of scattering and absorbing light and is the main culprit of visibility degradation. Major PM chemical components have been characterized for their light absorption and scattering efficiency, but separating the organic components has yet to be fully parameterized with light extinction coefficients. In this study, light extinction data and PM2.5 chemical c...

Introduction: One of the hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the impaired extinction of traumatic memory. Single prolonged stress (SPS) has been suggested as an animal model of PTSD, since SPS rats exhibited the impaired fear extinction. Oxytocin (OXT) has been recently suggested as a potential pharmacotherapy for treatment of PTSD. In this study, using SPS rats we inve...

Single crystals of nonlinear optical material bis (guanidinium) hydrogen phosphate monohydrate (G2HP) belonging to non centrosymmetric space group P 21c were successfully grown by the slow evaporation method. Optical transmittance and second harmonic generation of the grown crystals have been studied by UV-vis-NIR spectrum and Kurtz powder technique respectively. The transmittance of G2HP cryst...