Antidopaminergic drugs are known to induce extrapyramidal symptoms. Clebopride, a dopamine antagonist, also can produce parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, tardive dystonia, hemifacial dystonia, or oculogyric crisis; however, acute dystonic reaction caused by clebopride has not been reported in adults. We report two young men who experienced acute cervical dystonia within a few days of taking cle...

m e t h o d s : This review discusses the pharmacologic activity and poten­ tial effectiveness of lithium in the context of Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), the 2 most prominent neurodegenerative dis­ orders in the United States. The toxicides of lithium, including lithiuminduced extrapyramidal symptoms (LL-EPS) and cognitive impairments at therapeutic blood levels, are disc...

It has long been suggested that abnormal functions of the pineal gland may be implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We present evidence proposing that diminished melatonin secretion may be associated with the pathophysiology of a subgroup of schizophrenic patients characterized by cerebral atrophy and ventricular enlargement, negative symptoms, impaired cognitive and psychosexual ...

Antipsychotic drugs are widely used to treat abnormal behaviour particularly that related to the functional psychoses such as schizophrenia. This review discusses the pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine. Clinical use comprises the induction of tranquillization in disturbed psychiatric patients, the treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenic symptoms, a...

CONTEXT The clinical, neuroradiological, and biological characteristics of the so-called acquired hepatocerebral degeneration have not yet been fully determined and its frequency remains largely uncertain. OBJECTIVES To prospectively study the prevalence of extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with moderate to severe cirrhosis of various causes, to delineate the main neurological features of t...

BACKGROUND Psychomotor agitation can be associated with a wide range of medical conditions. Although clinical practice advocates the use of several drugs for the management of psychomotor agitation, there are still very few controlled studies comparing the profiles of action and the adverse effects of different drugs that induce tranquilization. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to com...

Aims Antipsychotics are effective for treating schizophrenia, but atypical antipsychotics can cause several adverse side effects including weight gain, hyperprolactinemia, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Moreover, weight gain increases the risk of metabolic diseases. Methods We treated a case of olanzapine-induced weight gain in a 41-year-old man with schizophrenia by switching his medication fr...