Extreme wave conditions at coastal structures located offshore of natural coastlines and the zone breaking are influenced by deepwater conditions, bathymetry between structure, ongoing growth, generation decay waves across shelf. At locations where shelf is relatively flat, gradually reducing water depths can limit significant maximum heights crest elevations that may be encountered. If a struc...

The relationship between storms and extreme ocean waves in the North Sea is assessed using a long-period wave data set and storms identified in the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). An ensemble sensitivity analysis is used to provide information on the spatial and temporal forcing from mean sea-level pressure and surface wind associated with extreme ocean wave height responses. Extreme o...

A very rapid polarization position angle swing of ∼ 180 (with a time scale of ∼6 hours) observed at 2 cm in QSO1150+812 (z = 1.25) was reported by Kochenov & Gabuzda. This very rare event is difficult to explain. We found a possible interpretation in the framework of a source model consisting of three polarized components, in which two compact polarized components are nearly simultaneously occu...

Three-dimensional (3D) directional wave focusing is one of the mechanisms that contributes to the generation of extreme waves, also known as rogue waves, in the ocean. To simulate and analyze this phenomenon, we generate extreme waves in a 3D numerical wave tank (NWT), by specifying the motion of a snake wavemaker. The NWT solves fully nonlinear potential flow equations with a free surface, usi...

We develop a numerical scheme to determine which planar snake motions are optimal for locomotory efficiency, across a wide range of frictional parameter space. For a large coefficient of transverse friction, we show that retrograde traveling waves are optimal. We give an asymptotic analysis showing that the optimal wave amplitude decays as the -1/4 power of the coefficient of transverse frictio...

We review the classical thermodynamics and the greybody factors of general (rotating) non-extreme black holes and discuss universal features of their near-horizon geometry. We motivate a microscopic interpretation of general black holes that relates the thermodynamics of an effective string theory to the geometry of the black hole in the vicinity of both the outer and the inner event horizons. ...

We report the experimental observation of extreme instabilities in a self-pulsing fiber laser under the influence of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Specifically, we observe temporally localized structures with high intensities that can be referred to as rogue events through their statistical behaviour with highly-skewed intensity distributions. The emergence of these SBS-induced rogue w...

This work studies the impact of wind on extreme wave events, by means of numerical analysis. A High Order Spectral Method (HOSM) is used to generate freak, or rogue waves, on the basis of modulational instability. Wave fields considered here are chosen to be unstable to two kinds of perturbations. The evolution of components during the propagation of the wave fields is presented. Their evolutio...

We present a spatiotemporal mechanism for producing 2D optical rogue waves in the presence of a turbulent state with creation, interaction, and annihilation of optical vortices. Spatially periodic structures with bound phase lose stability to phase unbound turbulent states in complex Ginzburg-Landau and Swift-Hohenberg models with external driving. When the pumping is high and the external driv...

The extreme high winds, intense rainfall, large ocean waves, and copious sea spray in hurricanes push the surface-exchange parameters for temperature, water vapor, and momentum into untested regimes. The Coupled Boundary Layer Air–Sea Transfer (CBLAST)-Hurricane program is aimed at developing improved coupling parameterizations (using the observations collected during the CBLAST-Hurricane field...