Chloride regulation affects brain function in many ways, for instance, by dictating the GABAergic reversal potential, and thereby influencing neuronal excitability and spike timing. Consistent with this, there is increasing evidence implicating chloride in a range of neurological conditions. Investigations about these conditions, though, are made difficult by the limited range of tools availabl...

Bone tissue engineering is an emerging field providing viable substitutes for bone regeneration. Recent advances have allowed scientists and engineers to develop scaffolds for guided bone growth. However, success requires scaffolds to have specific macroscopic geometries and internal architectures conducive to biological and biophysical functions. Freeform fabrication provides an effective proc...

Traumatized anterior teeth with subgingival fractures of the crown and root can be restored successfully after orthodontic extrusion. A technique is described which involves the use of a localized fixed appliance made of rectangular wire. The appliance is fabricated in the laboratory prior to bonding to the teeth with composite resin. The simple design of the appliance makes it easy to manage a...

Force-distance (FD) curve-based atomic force microscopy is a valuable tool to simultaneously image the structure and map the biophysical properties of biological samples at the nanoscale. Traditionally, FD-based atomic force microscopy has been severely limited by its poor temporal and lateral resolutions. Here we report the use of advanced FD-based technology combined with biochemically sensit...

When extruding the casted rods from EN AW 2011 aluminium alloys, not only their homogenized structure, but also extrudable properties were significantly influenced by hardness of alloy. In this study, object investigations was alloy, and effect homogenisation time on investigated. First, carried out at 520 °C for different times, imitating industrial conditions. After homogenisation, samples an...

The blood-brain barrier is composed of specialized endothelial cells that prevent various substances from entering the brain. P-glycoprotein is an important component of this barrier and is present in high concentration on the apical surface of these endothelial cells. It is an ATP-dependent transport protein thought to be involved in extruding a variety of structurally unrelated compounds and ...