A number of studies have been conducted on hybridization between transgenic Brassica napus and B. rapa or backcross of F1 hybrid to their parents. However, trait changes must be analyzed to evaluate hybrid sustainability in nature. In the present study, B. rapa and transgenic (BrAGL20) B. napus were hybridized to verify the early flowering phenomenon of F1 hybrids, and F1 hybrid traits were ana...

In addition to two major alpha- and beta-subunits, the soluble oligomycin-insensitive F1ATPase purified from sweet potato root mitochondria contains four different minor subunits of gamma (Mr = 35,500), delta (Mr = 27,000), delta' (Mr = 23,000), and epsilon (Mr = 12,000) (Iwasaki, Y., and Asashi, T. (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 227, 164-173). Among these minor subunits, the delta-subunit spec...

Multiple redundant acoustic cues can contribute to the perception of a single phonemic contrast. This study investigated the effect of spectral degradation on the discriminability and perceptual saliency of acoustic cues for identification of word-final fricative voicing in "loss" versus "laws", and possible changes that occurred when low-frequency acoustic cues were restored. Three acoustic cu...

Phenotypic uniformity of carrot androgenic lines of R1 generations was assessed in respect to several morphological traits in vegetative and generative stages. Seeds of R1 populations were obtained by self pollination of R0 androgenic plants derived by the use of anther culture technique from three donor cultivars: ‘HCM’, ‘CxC9900 F1’ and ‘Narbonne F1’. R1 plants of donor cultivar ‘HCM’ were ob...

F1-ATPase (F1) is the smallest rotary motor protein that couples ATP hydrolysis/synthesis to rotary motion in a highly reversible manner. F1 is unique compared with other motor proteins because of its high efficiency and reversibility in converting chemical energy into mechanical work. To determine the energy conversion mechanism of F1-ATPase, we developed a novel single-molecule manipulation t...

An extracellular fluid phase (C(f1)), aspirated by micropuncture techniques from the hypertrophic cell zone of calcifying epiphyseal certilage, has been characterized in a calcifying system in vitro in respect to the behavior of sedimenting and supernatant fractions after high speed ultracentrifugation. To perform these tests on the starting samples of 20 nl of C(f1), macroscopic analytical met...

Neonates respond poorly to conventional vaccines. This has been attributed, in part, to the immaturity of neonatal dendritic cells that lack full capacity for Ag presentation and T cell stimulation. We engineered an attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain to express and export the F1 Ag of Y. pestis (S. Typhi(F1)) and investigated its immunogenicity early in life using a heterologous prime-boost reg...

A proportion of patients with mitral stenosis have increased left atrial thrombin generation, with elevated left atrial but normal peripheral venous levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2). Whether this pattern of left atrial and venous F1+2 levels is related to limited spillover of F1+2 from the left atrium into the systemic circulation, or to washout of increased left atrial F1+2 production...

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is known to be critical for inhibitory control of behavior, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we propose that inhibitory control can be instantiated by an integral signal derived from working memory, another key function of the PFC. Specifically, we assume that an integrator converts excitatory input into a graded mnemonic activity that provides an inh...

We study the existence and shape preserving properties of a generalized Bernstein operator Bn fixing a strictly positive function f0, and a second function f1 such that f1/f0 is strictly increasing, within the framework of extended Chebyshev spaces Un. The first main result gives an inductive criterion for existence: suppose there exists a Bernstein operator Bn : C[a, b] → Un with strictly incr...