The PB1-F2 protein encoded by influenza A viruses can contribute to virulence, a feature that is dependent of its sequence polymorphism. Whereas PB1-F2 from some H1N1 viruses were shown to exacerbate the inflammatory response within the airways, the contribution of PB1-F2 to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) virulence in mammals remains poorly described. Using a H5N1 HPAIV strain ...

Abstract: Phenomenological studies on the proton structure function F2 have been carried out to investigate the behavior of F2, i.e. its x andQ 2 dependence, in the transition from the deep-inelastic scattering region (Q 1GeV) to the photoproduction region (Q ≈ 0GeV). An overview of various results of F2 at low Q is given. To quantify the behavior of F2 at low Q , the drivatives d ln(F2)/d ln(x...

Let F2 be a free group of rank 2. We prove that there is an algorithm that decides whether or not, for given two elements u, v of F2, u and v are translation equivalent in F2, that is, whether or not u and v have the property that the cyclic length of φ(u) equals the cyclic length of φ(v) for every automorphism φ of F2. This gives an affirmative solution to problem F38a in the online version (h...

Progeny-test (PT) programs of US artificial-insemination (AI) organizations were examined to determine timeliness of sampling, PT daughter distribution, rate of return of PT bulls to widespread service, and genetic merit of PT bulls compared with AI-proven and natural-service (NS) bulls. Bull age at semen release and at birth and calving of PT daughters was documented by breed (Ayrshire, Brown ...

Basilar membrane responses to pairs of tones were measured, with the use of a laser velocimeter, in the basal turn of the cochlea in anesthetized chinchillas. Frequency spectra of basilar membrane responses to primary tones with frequencies (f1, f2) close to the characteristic frequency (CF) contain prominent odd-order two-tone distortion products (DPs) at frequencies both higher and lower than...

F2 transition parameters including F2 onset and offset frequency and locus equations have been studied for Persian affricates /ʤ, ʧ and homorganic dental plosives /d, t/ and post alveolar fricatives /ʒ, ʃ/. The F2 offset frequencies hierarchy is follow: post alveolar fricatives> affricates> dental plosives. This parameter makes a significant difference among mentioned consonants; however it doe...

Let AG(n,Fq) be the n-dimensional affine space over the finite field Fq. For 0 ≤ m ≤ n − 1, define a graph G whose vertex set is the set of all m-flats of AG(n,Fq), such that two vertices F1 and F2 are adjacent if dim(F1∨F2) = m+1, where F1∨F2 is the minimum flat containing both F1 and F2. Let ASG(2ν,Fq) be the 2ν-dimensional affine-symplectic space over Fq. Define a graph S (ν) whose vertex se...

PB1-F2, a protein encoded by a second open reading frame of the influenza virus RNA segment 2, has emerged as a modulator of lung inflammatory responses but the molecular mechanisms underlying this are only poorly understood. Here we show that PB1-F2 inhibits the activation of NF-κB dependent signalling pathways in luciferase reporter assays. PB1-F2 proteins from four different viruses interact...

The glass transition in binary mixtures of star polymers is studied by mode coupling theory and extensive molecular dynamics computer simulations. In particular, we have explored vitrification in the parameter space of size asymmetry δ and concentration F2 of the small star polymers at fixed concentration of the large ones. Depending on the choice of parameters, three different glassy states ar...

We explore tensor mesons in AdS/QCD focusing on f2(1270), the lightest spin-two resonance in QCD. We find that the f2 mass and the partial width Γ(f2 → γγ) are in very good agreement with data. In fact, the dimensionless ratio of these two quantities comes out within the current experimental bound. The result for this ratio depends only on Nc and Nf , and the quark and glueball content of the o...