Insulin resistance (IR) is typically more severe in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) than in similarly obese non-diabetics but whether there are group differences in body composition and whether such differences contribute to the more severe IR of T2DM is uncertain. DEXA and regional CT imaging were conducted to assess adipose tissue (AT) distribution and fat content in liver and m...

INTRODUCTION Smoking rates amongst people with a mental health disorder are significantly higher than in the general population and there is growing evidence to show a strong association between smoking and mental health disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate views and attitudes of mental patients regarding smoking. MATERIAL & METHODS The sample is composed of 356 patients...

RATIONALE Antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) is commonly used in schizophrenia despite a lack of robust evidence for efficacy, as well as evidence of increased rates of adverse drug reactions and mortality. OBJECTIVES We sought to examine APP and the use of other adjunctive medications in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenic disorders (ICD-10 diagnoses F20-F29) immediately prior to c...

BACKGROUND This article systematically monitors the quality of life (QOL) of patients with schizophrenia from seven different sites across four European countries: France, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. METHODS A one-year prospective cohort study was carried out. Inclusion criteria for patients were: a clinical lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia according to ICD-10 (F20) diagnostic criteria fo...

Frindt G, Palmer LG. Regulation of epithelial Na channels by adrenal steroids: mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid effects. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 302: F20–F26, 2012. First published October 19, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00480.2011.—Epithelial Na channels (ENaC) can be regulated by both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones. In the mammalian kidney, effects of mineralocorticoids h...

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a poultry leg problem that affects the proximal growth plate of the tibia, preventing its transition to bone. To understand the disease-induced proteomic changes, we compared the protein extracts of cartilage from normal and TD-affected growth plates. TD was induced by feeding thiram to chickens 2 wk before tissue harvest. Proteins were extracted from whole tissu...

OBJECTIVE Treatment with antipsychotic drugs is widely associated with metabolic side effects such as weight gain and disturbed glucose metabolism, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms are unclear. METHOD Fifty nondiabetic (fasting plasma glucose ≤ 7.0 mmol/L), antipsychotic-treated male patients (ICD-10 diagnosis code F20, F21, F22, F25, F28, or F60; mean ± SD age = 33.0 ± 6.7 years; body mas...

The accuracy of quantitative stereological analysis tools such as the (physical) disector method substantially depends on the precise determination of the thickness of the analyzed histological sections. One conventional method for measurement of histological section thickness is to re-embed the section of interest vertically to its original section plane. The section thickness is then measured...

BACKGROUND Social capital has been considered aetiologically important in schizophrenia but the empirical evidence to support this hypothesis is absent. We tested whether social capital, measured at the neighbourhood level, was associated with the incidence of schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20). MethodWe administered a cross-sectional questionnaire on social capital to 5% of the adult population in 33 ...

Zhang J, Wu J, Gu C, Noble NA, Border WA, Huang Y. Receptor-mediated nonproteolytic activation of prorenin and induction of TGF1 and PAI-1 expression in renal mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 303: F11–F20, 2012. First published April 25, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00050.2012.—While elevated plasma prorenin levels are commonly found in diabetic patients and correlate with diabetic nep...