In current designs for 100-l 8, Linac Coherent Light Sources (LCLSs), i.e., singlepass gain-saturating FELs [l], a major cost component is the undulator. If the mode of operation could be switched to that of an oscillator (or, more appropriately, regenerative amplifier), substantial size and cost savings could be realized. Unfortunately, simple cavities based on normal-incidence specular or mul...

BACKGROUND Facet joints are considered to be a common source of chronic spinal pain. Facet joint interventions, including intraarticular injections, medial branch nerve blocks, and neurotomy (radiofrequency and cryoneurolysis) are used to manage chronic facet-mediated spinal pain. A systematic review of therapeutic facet interventions published in January 2005, concluded that facet intervention...

[111]- and {010}-faceted anatase nanocrystals with controllable crystal size and morphology were synthesized from tri-titanate H2Ti3O7 nanosheets by hydrothermal reaction. The nanostructures and the formation reaction mechanism of the obtained TiO2 nanocrystals were investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM. Furthermore, the photocatalytic and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performances of the ...

BACKGROUND Sagittal spinopelvic alignment changes associated with degenerative facet joint arthritis have been assessed in a few studies. It has been documented that patients with facet joint degeneration have higher pelvic incidence, but the relationship between facet joint degeneration and other sagittal spinopelvic alignment parameters is still disputed. Our purpose was to evaluate the corre...

The authors describe a straightforward experimental technique for measuring the facet temperature of a semiconductor laser under high-power operation by analyzing the laser emission itself. By applying this technique to 1-mm-long 980-nm lasers with 6and 9m-wide tapers, they measure a large increase in facet temperature under both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed operation. Under CW operation, th...

Because impulsivity-reflectivity (IR), as measured by the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF; Kagan, 1965) and KRISP (Wright, Note 1), is correlated with age and IQ, we sought to determine how much variance in impulsivity-reflectivity is attributable to an impulsivity-reflectivity trait and how much to cognitive development, as measured by mental age (MA). Since the usefulness of measures of i...

Racial differences exist in the dimensions of structures and the commercially available prostheses are designed based on the Caucasians. In this context, the goal of the present investigation was to determine the gender wise measurements of patella bone in South Indians. The present study included axial magnetic resonance images of the knee joint from 140 South Indian adults (70 males, 70 femal...

An observational study was performed to determine relative spectral reflectivity differences (0.41.1 microns) in the Copernicus region of the moon, as well as several other bright crater areas. A photoelectric filter photometer was used. Results suggest that: (1) spectral features do exist. (2) The spectral feature amplitude in the normalized relative spectral reflectivity curves for areas stud...