Existing so-called conflict-based models of executive control aim to explain how an agent, without constantly controlling its own processing (what is both cognitively costly and inefficient), can know when to apply strong control, but when to withdraw it. These models predict that the strength of control is adjusted proportionally to the level of conflict among competing stimuli/response tenden...

While fairness-aware machine learning algorithms have been receiving increasing attention, the focus has on centralized learning, leaving decentralized methods underexplored. Federated Learning is a form of where clients train local models with server aggregating them to obtain shared global model. Data heterogeneity amongst common characteristic Learning, which may induce or exacerbate discrim...