The notion of fairness is a very general concept and can be used to coin terms in many different application areas. Recently, the term fairness has appeared in the context of electronic commerce. Here, the term fair exchange refers to the problem that two parties want to swap some distinct items in a way which ensures that no participant can gain advantage over the other. Many protocols for fai...

Being able to effectively measure the notion of fairness is of vital importance, as it can provide insight about the formation and evolution of complex patterns and phenomena, such as social preferences, collaboration, group structures and social conflicts. This paper presents a comparative study for quantitatively modelling the notion of fairness in one-to-many resource allocation scenarios — ...

Fairness is one kind of the requirements in QoS of grid services. It is also important to optimize the allocation of grid resources and keep the overall stability of grid systems. At present, more and more economic models are applied to the grid resource management. In this paper, the fairness of grid resource allocation based on multicommodity market model is studied. Some definitions and crit...

The MAC protocol IEEE 802.11, used in the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), suffers from the well-known fairness problem. In this paper, using static routing, we first study the MAC fairness by considering three factors including the hiddenterminal, capture, and imprecise EIFS, which are all related to the signal attenuation property of the wireless networks. Since the MAC protocol and the routi...

How do salespeople make judgments of merit pay fairness? By what mechanisms do fairness judgments influence the performance and commitment of salespeople? Using equity and social exchange theories, the authors examine these questions for industrial salespeople who work in a Fortune 500 firm and provide four key findings. First, of the three dimensions of fairness judgments, they find the intera...

The field of algorithmic fairness has highlighted ethical questions which may not have purely technical answers. For example, different algorithmic fairness constraints are often impossible to satisfy simultaneously, and choosing between them requires value judgments about which people may disagree. Achieving consensus on algorithmic fairness will be difficult unless we understand why people di...

The tradeoff between fairness and throughput has been widely observed in network analysis and protocol design. Despite many existing fairness metrics (from simple ones like Jain’s index to more complex ones like α-fair utility), the meaning of fairness is largely based on problemoriented interpretations and judgments, with no well-established framework. To tackle this challenging problem, we pr...

This survey article assesses and compares existing critiques of current fairness-enhancing technical interventions into machine learning (ML) that draw from a range non-computing disciplines, including philosophy, feminist studies, critical race ethnic legal anthropology, science technology studies. It bridges epistemic divides in order to offer an interdisciplinary understanding the possibilit...

We examine the implications, for social choice, of individuals having an intrinsic sense of fairness. Taking the viewpoint that social justice reflects the moral attitudes of the constituent members, we analyze the effect of the intensity of the individual sense of fairness on the solution of Nash bargaining over random allocation procedures. We use a stylized model of university admission poli...

The capacity region of a channel consists of all achievable rate vectors. Picking a particular point in the capacity region is synonymous with rate allocation. The issue of fairness in rate allocation is addressed in this paper. We review several notions of fairness, including max-min fairness, proportional fairness and Nash bargaining solution. Their efficiencies for general multiuser channels...