Sound production has evolved independently in many phyla over time (Senter, 2008). Many animals produce sounds for communication, either with congeners or in reaction to predators (for examples of the latter in invertebrates see Bura, Fleming & Yack, 2009; Olofsson, Jakobsson & Wiklund, 2012), but Vermeij (2010) noted that deliberate production of acoustic signals is entirely unknown in the phy...

Recent publications on blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents report evidence that the prevalence of childhood hypertension is increasing,1,2 and the increasing rates of hypertension are largely attributable to the childhood obesity epidemic. The current estimates on the prevalence of childhood hypertension, based on repeated BP measurements 95th percentile (for sex, age, and height), ...

We examined the effect of stereotype threat on blood pressure reactivity. Compared with European Americans, and African Americans under little or no stereotype threat, African Americans under stereotype threat exhibited larger increases in mean arterial blood pressure during an academic test, and performed more poorly on difficult test items. We discuss the significance of these findings for un...

number of dead corms per plant by up to 93% and decreases living corm mass by up to 29% (Peters, 1958). Cultivated timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is an important grass for Harvesting frequently, up to three or four cuts per year, hay production in temperate North America. It is underutilized in and season-long competition in a timothy–alfalfa (Medmanagement-intensive rotational grazing systems be...

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a C19 human adrenal steroid, activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ) in vivo but does not ligand-activate PPAR in transient transfection experiments. We demonstrate that DHEA regulates PPAR action by altering both the levels and phosphorylation status of the receptor. Human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were transiently transfected with the expressio...

The silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) serves as a platform for transcriptional repression elicited by several steroid/nuclear receptors and transcription factors. SMRT exists in two major splicing isoforms, and , with SMRT containing only an extra 46-amino acid sequence inserted immediately downstream from the C-terminal corepressor motif. Little is known abou...

Recent research has highlighted how Lake Baikal, Siberia, has responded to the direct and indirect effects of climate change (e.g., ice-cover duration), nutrient loading, and pollution, manifesting as changes in phytoplankton/zooplankton populations, community structure, and seasonal succession. Here, we combine and compare analyses of chlorophyll a (an estimate of total algal biomass), caroten...

Seventy-five years ago, just after the end of World War II in 1946, T. Cecil Gray (Fig. 1) was a general practitioner downtown Liverpool, giving anaesthetics bombed-out community and at local rundown hospitals. Although working very basic challenging conditions that time, he managed to describe one most important contributions clinical anaesthesia his generation: concept balanced anaesthesia, w...

The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is widely regarded as a central factor in the body’s response to changes in the fluxome, the overall metabolite profile in the body. PXR expression is regulated by a number of chemicals at the transcriptional level; the majority of these chemicals are ligands for PXR and substrates for PXR target genes. However, transcriptional activators of PXR, such as clo...

Success or failure of a polycentric system is function complex political and social processes, such as coordination between actors venues to solve specialized policy problems. Yet there currently no accepted method for isolating distinct processes coordination, nor understand how their variance affects governance performance. We develop test building-blocks approach that uses different patterns...