The removal of calcium and magnesium ions (softening) from clear juice can be beneficial to downstream processes. Such benefits include reduced evaporator scaling and the improved potential for the application ofion exclusion chromatography for additional sucrose recovery. The results of experiments in the laboratory and on a pilot plant scale are presented. These show that it is possible to so...

The falling film flow characteristics of a liquid on the surface corrugated sheet packing are crucial for its mass transfer performance in various industrial applications. In this study, experiment with laser-induced fluorescence technology was conducted to validate simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). influences Reynolds number (Re) and structure were analyzed quantitative thick...

Silica presents a particularly challenging problem to the Silica remains one of the most common and problematic components in cane sugar juice evaporator scale. The relationship between silica concentration in clear juice and its precipitation in the evaporator train is considered. Methods of reducing silica levels in clear juice through changes in the extraction conditions are investigated thr...

This paper presents results of a parametric study performed on an automotive air-conditioning (AAC) system of a passenger car. The goals are to assess the effects of varying the volumetric flow rate of supply air, number of occupants, vehicle speed, and the fractional ventilation air intake (XOA), on the dry-bulb temperature and specific humidity of the air inside the passenger’s cabin, and on ...

This paper presents a novel approach for experimentally simulating various environmental conditions and container parameters on air conditioning and refrigeration (AC&R) systems. The proposed emulation technique uses a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system to simulate the loading conditions on the evaporator during experimental testing. The evaporator air inlet conditions are controlled with a smal...

The design of ceramic chemical microreactor for the production of hydrogen needed in portable polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells is presented. The microreactor was developed for the steam reforming of liquid fuels with water into hydrogen. The complex three-dimensional ceramic structure of the microreactor includes evaporator(s), mixer(s), reformer and combustor. Low-temperature co-f...

Oil return from the evaporator to the compressor suction port is an important requirement. It is affected by the refrigerant/lubricant properties, gas velocities and piping geometry. The refrigerant R -134a has successfully replaced R-12 in household refrigerators and freezers. This paper describes a test method to estimate the mean oil film thickness and to observe the flow pattern in vertical...