The Indian farmer, including their counterparts in some developed countries, fell in debt-trap even as GDP and food prices soared and many sectors of the economy shared benefits of GDP growth. Apparently, none of the systems— colonial, socialist, or market-based—have tools to share economic prosperity with the farmer. The paper simulates steps in order to experimentally demonstrate that there c...

Abstract The processes of control and collection are prominent themes throughout pharaonic history. However, the extent that central regime attempted to administer agricultural fields collect revenues directly from farmer who actually worked land is unclear during period (c.2686–1069). Relations between those involved in cultivation local headships extended families wider kinship groups were de...

The Euglenida consists mostly of free-living flagellates with very diverse modes of nutrition. A number of heterotrophic euglenids (e.g., Petalomonas and Ploeotia) are limited to bacteriotrophy (Fig. 1a–c) while others (e.g., Dinema and Peranema) are capable of ingesting eukaryotic prey (Fig. 1f). We use the label “eukaryotroph” to distinguish the latter taxa from the bacteriotrophs (Triemer an...

An application-level technique is described for farmer-worker parallel applications which allows a worker to be added or removed from the computing farm at any moment of the run time without affecting the overall outcome of the computation. The technique is based on uncoupling the farmer from the workers by means of a separate module which asynchronously feeds these latter with new “units of wo...

This paper proposes a methodological approach for eliciting farmers' utility functions. The methodology is non-interactive, in that the parameters defining the utility function are obtained by observing the actual behaviour adopted by farmers without resorting to the use of questions on random lotteries. The methodology recognises that the farmer attempts to achieve several objectives, most of ...