The udder is a very big organ weighing, around 50 kg (including milk and blood). However, weights up to 100 kg have been reported. Therefore, the udder has to be very well attached to the skeleton and muscles. The median ligaments are composed of elastic fibrous tissue, while the lateral ligaments are composed of connective tissue with less elasticity. If the ligaments weaken the udder will bec...

These algorithms are, however, not designed to perform least-squares minimization under hard constraints. This short report outlines two very simple approaches to doing this to solve problems such as the one depicted by Fig. 1. The first relies on standard Lagrange multipliers [Boyd and Vandenberghe, 2004]. The second is inspired by inverse kinematics techniques [Baerlocher and Boulic, 2004] an...

The relationship between type traits and longevity was studied in the French Holstein breed using a survival analysis model where the phenotypic value or the estimated genetic value of the cow for each type trait was included as a risk factor. This was done separately for two subpopulations (registered and non registered herds) and with or without adjustment for production traits, i.e., conside...

Edgar Simo-Serra∗,1,5, Eduard Trulls∗,2,5, Luis Ferraz Iasonas Kokkinos, Pascal Fua, Francesc Moreno-Noguer 1 Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, [email protected] 2 CVLab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, {eduard.trulls,pascal.fua}@epfl.ch 3 Catchoom Technologies, Barcelona, Spain, [email protected] 4 CentraleSupelec and INRIA-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France, iaso...

This article examines the relationship between shape, size and of udder Bushuev cows on different categories farms their milk yield. It was determined that yield belonging to form bowl-shaped in all higher from 720.9 kg 641.8 than peers round udder. In comparison, with a cup-shaped 3.3 cm 2.2 wider, length 9.1 7.8 longer, circumference 6.3 8.7 bigger, depth 1.6 2.7 nipple diameter 0.06 0.35 cm,...

Abstract Exposure to heat stress during a dairy cow’s dry period disrupts mammary gland remodeling impairing milk production the subsequent lactation. The coincides with late gestation, and Intrauterine hyperthermia affects offspring growth, physiology, performance into adulthood. This presentation will highlight histological molecular adaptations of under stress, emphasizing carry-over effects...

Factors affecting bacteriological cure rates (BCR) and new intramammary infections (IMI) during the dry period as well as clinical mastitis (CM) during early lactation were investigated in 414 German Holstein dairy cows receiving dry cow therapy. Cows were treated with either benethamine benzylpenicillin (300,000 IU), penethamate hydriodide (100,000 IU), and framycetin sulphate (100 mg, n = 136...

The objective of the current study was to investigate (i) the outcome of experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis in primiparous cows during early lactation in relation with production of eicosanoids and inflammatory indicators, and (ii) the validity of thermography to evaluate temperature changes on udder skin surface after experimentally induced E. coli mastitis. Nine primiparous Hols...

Cows’ infrared radiation temperature study was carried out at experimental cowshed (120 cows) of Estonian University of Life Sciences. Thermal image scanner Fluke TiS was used for obtaining 640×480 pixels thermal images with resolution of 0.1°C. The temperature distribution pattern of different parts of cow’s body was estimated and analysed with SmartView software. Special attention was paid to...

A total of 90 cows from three commercial farms were used to evaluate the relationship between subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis and thermal nociceptive threshold. Milk strips from all udder quarters were tested for clinical mastitis with visual inspection of milk and udder alterations and for subclinical mastitis using California Mastitis Test. Milk yield was recorded, milk was sampled...