Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are positional isomers of linoleic acid which have been suggested by some to possess antiatherosclerotic properties. To test this hypothesis, three groups of twenty C57BL/6 mice were fed on atherogenic diets containing: 5 g CLA/kg, 2.5 g CLA + 2.5 g linoleic acid/kg or 5 g linoleic acid/kg. All diets were fed for 15 weeks and contained (g/kg): triacylglycerol 145...

The compositions of lesion types that precede and that may initiate the development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions are described and the possible mechanisms of their development are reviewed. While advanced lesions involve disorganization of the intima and deformity of the artery, such changes are absent or minimal in their precursors. Advanced lesions are either overtly clinical or they p...

A taxi driver aged 22, who had been married for 4 years, reported at the Swansea V.D. Clinic on June 15, 1959. There was no history of previous V.D. Extramarital intercourse had occurred on June 1, a urethral discharge was noted on June 7, and on June 13 a mark was noticed on the penis which had not been seen before. Examination (June 15). There was a purulent urethral discharge and a discolour...

A compact and robust Mach-Zehnder type interferometer coupled with the double optical gating technique provides tunable isolated attosecond pulses and streak field detection with fields centered at either 750 nm or 400 nm. Isolated attosecond pulses produced at 45 eV (with measured pulse duration of 114 ± 4 as) and 20 eV (with measured pulse duration of 395 ± 6 as) are temporally characterized ...

Although a large body of data is available concerning atherogenesis in animals maintained at high levels of hypercholesterolemia, little data are available for animals maintained at lower levels of hypercholesterolemia for longer periods of time, closer to those observed in humans. The chronologic sequence of cellular events and interactions that occur during the formation of the lesions of ath...

Circulating blood monocytes were isolated from normal and hypercholesterolemic swine, and the monocyte lipid compositions and lipid biosynthesis profiles were assessed. The data indicate that monocytes freshly isolated from hyperlipemic swine have increased phospholipid and cholesterol contents and have increased biosynthetic capability for synthesizing phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholest...

We designed a novel 6-point electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensor with 15 combinations of permutations for the 3-D mapping and detection of metabolically active atherosclerotic lesions. Two rows of 3 stretchable electrodes circumferentially separated by 120° were mounted on an inflatable balloon for intravascular deployment and endoluminal interrogation. The configuration and 15 p...

The identification of caveolin-1 more than a decade ago initiated active research into its role in the formation of caveolae, membrane trafficking, signal transduction pathways, and lipid homeostasis. Although caveolins are ubiquitously expressed, the majority of the available information comes from differentiated cells rich in caveolins, such as fibroblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. ...

Because of a close association between platelets and macrophages in early fatty streak lesions, the hypothesis was tested that platelets contribute to lesion progression by directly enhancing macrophage cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation. Both the rate of cholesterol esterification and the accumulation of CE were increased within 24 h of the co-culture of adherent macrophages with platelets. M...

Scavenger receptors (SRs), which recognize modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by oxidation or acetylation, are a group of receptors on plasma membrane of macrophages and other cell types. These receptors by facilitating modified LDL uptake are a primary step in the intracellular accumulation of modified LDL and formation of fatty streak. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of functional RN...