This paper develops a model of FDI with reverse imports examining the impact of FDI on the home economy through the “hollowing out” effect on the domestic employment. A foreign wage threshold exists. If the foreign wage is lower than the threshold, the home firm chooses FDI. The threshold depends on a FDI fixed cost and a demand parameter. A welfare analysis shows that another foreign wage thre...

Functional redundancy techniques for fault detection and isolation (FDI) in dynamic systems requires close interaction between system instrumentation, modeling and analysis. Effective FDI requires detailed and accurate models to track and analyze system behavior, including transient phenomena that result from faults. It also requires appropriate instrumentation technology to provide the measure...

An application is presented for online model-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) in a multitank fluid system. The tank system is equipped with a distributed measurement and control system that implements components of the IEEE standard for smart transducers, IEEE 1451 [1]. This standard includes an information model that provides programming constructs to support high level application fu...

Voting algorithms are used to arbitrate between the results of redundant modules in fault-tolerant systems. Smart sensors are used for FDI (Fault Detection and Isolation) purposes by means of their built in intelligence. Integration of fault masking and FDI strategies is necessary in the construction of ultra-available/safe systems with on-line fault detection capability. This article introduce...

A general design technique for achieving single faulttolerant asynchronous sequential circuits is described. The design procedures apply over a large range of fault conditions and are extremely easy to use. Generally, less than three times the logic required for a single copy is needed to achieve single fault tolerance. In addition to fault tolerance, real time fault detection is easily achieve...

For fault-tolerant real-time filtering, an efficient two-filter architecture is proposed. In the two-filter architecture, a host filter is operated permanently. A compression filter is intermittently initialized and operated during prescribed time intervals. to handle measurements susceptible to soft faults. New compression filters are derived based on time-propagated measurement concept. The d...

Faults and errors are an unavoidable aspect of high performance computing systems. Emerging exascale systems will contain billions of hardware components and complex software stacks. In addition, higher fabrication density and power challenges will further compound fault detection, management and recovery. Efficient fault tolerance and resiliency frameworks are thus of immense importance in the...

Different test sequence selection methods, namely, the Dmethod, C-method, W-method, T-method, U-method, Uvmethod and the Wp-method, are reviewed and analysed for their fault detection capabilities. We show that the C-method and the Uv-method do not provide complete fault coverage. These seven methods are formally analysed for their fault diagnosis capabilities under single fault assumption. Amo...

In the integration of GNSS and inertial sensors, any potential sensor failures or faulty measurements due to harsh operating environments or malfunctions of sensor components may result in poorly estimated navigation parameters. If the sensor component failures or faulty measurements occur and cannot be detected immediately, overall system performances will de degraded. Thus, real time detectio...