Recent studies on adversarial examples expose vulnerabilities of natural language processing (NLP) models. Existing techniques for generating are typically driven by deterministic heuristic rules that agnostic to the optimal examples, a strategy often results in attack failures. To this end, research proposes Fraud's Bargain Attack (FBA), which utilizes novel randomization mechanism enlarge sea...

Studies of myocardial metabolism have reported that contractile performance at a given myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) can be lower when the heart is oxidizing fatty acids rather than glucose or lactate. The objective of this study is to assess the prognostic value of myocardial metabolic phenotypes in identifying non-responders among non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) patients un...

Although leaves have to accommodate markedly different metabolic flux patterns in the light and the dark, models of leaf metabolism based on flux-balance analysis (FBA) have so far been confined to consideration of the network under continuous light. An FBA framework is presented that solves the two phases of the diel cycle as a single optimization problem and, thus, provides a more representat...

Which properties of metabolic networks can be derived solely from stoichiometric information about the network’s constituent reactions? Predictive results have been obtained by Flux Balance Analysis (FBA), by postulating that cells set metabolic fluxes within the allowed stoichiometry so as to maximize their growth. Here, we generalize this framework to single cell level using maximum entropy m...

In this paper we describe evaluation and characterization of a novel assay that combines immunomagnetic separation and a fluorescently stained bacteriophage for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in broth. When it was combined with flow cytometry, the fluorescent-bacteriophage assay (FBA) was capable of detecting 10(4) cells/ml. A modified direct epifluorescent-filter technique (DEFT) was em...

AIM The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the effect of an individually tailored behavioral medicine treatment in physical therapy, based on a functional behavioral analysis (FBA), for tension-type headache (TTH). PATIENTS AND METHODS Two case studies with A1-A2-B-A3 design of two patients with TTH was conducted. Outcome variables were headache frequency, headache index (mean int...

Since the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) still degrades under adverse acoustic conditions, recognition robustness can be improved by incorporating further modalities. The arising question of information fusion shows interesting parallels to problems in digital communications, where the turbo principle revolutionized reliable communication. In this paper, we examine whether th...

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) causes death in more than 300 children every year in the United States. Morbidity and mortality are increased in children due to narrow airways and immature protective mechanisms. Factors to consider in pediatric dentistry are: (1) the patient's age and behavior; (2) presence and extent of disability; (3) local anesthesia; (4) body positioning; and (5) loose teeth....