For many decades, classically conditioned fear has provided fertile ground for neuroscientists interested in learning and memory. The paradigms are conceptually straightforward, the protocols robust, and the relevance to the human (and animal) condition unquestionable. Fear, or something very like it, is probably as old as the animal kingdom. One of the great advantages of being an animal, and ...

objective: it seems that emotion regulation strategies and fear of positive evaluation are among psychological components. which play critical role in anxiety disorders. the present study predicted school anxiety based on emotion regulation strategies and fear of positive evaluation in female students in savadkouh iran.  methods: this study is a descriptive-correlative research. a total of 110 ...

economic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in iran. limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study...

Fear learning is a rapid and persistent process that promotes defense against threats and reduces the need to relearn about danger. However, it is also important to flexibly readjust fear behavior when circumstances change. Indeed, a failure to adjust to changing conditions may contribute to anxiety disorders. A central, yet neglected aspect of fear modulation is the ability to flexibly shift f...

Inspired by Alves and Souto [2], we investigate the existence of nontrivial solutions to a class fractional Schrödinger equations with potentials well. Taking superlinear nonlinearities into consideration, obtain loosing monotonicity. Furthermore, ground state solution is established.

The recently discovered Neuropeptide S (NPS) and its cognate receptor represent a highly interesting system of neuromodulation with unique physiological effects. On one hand, NPS increases wakefulness and arousal. On the other, NPS produces anxiolytic-like effects by acutely reducing fear responses as well as modulating long-term aspects of fear memory, such as attenuation of contextual fear or...

We investigate the use of unique xpoint induction as a proof method for value-passing process languages with recursion. An intuitive generalisation of unique xpoint induction based on loop invariants for symbolic graphs yields strong completeness results; we give an axiomatic characterisation of both late and early observational congruence for a class of fully parameterised processes. This new,...