Preen oil is an oleaginous secretion that birds spread onto their plumage when preening. It is secreted by the uropygial (or preen) gland, a holocrine complex that is unique to birds and located in the integument of the rump (Clark 2004). The functions of the uropygial gland are still disputed: it may be involved in sexual communication, through pheromone production (Hirao et al. 2009), and thr...

Yak casein hydrolysate was derived from the enzymatic alcalase-hydrolysate of a typical northwestern China milk product called Qula. An in vitro study was conducted to examine their immunoregulatory effects on murine T cells, including Con-A-induced lymphoproliferation and splenocyte cell cycle, production, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma...

Background. Meat products belong to products particularly at risk of fat oxidation processes. One of the methods to prevent disadvantageous oxidative changes of lipids in food is the application of antioxidants. Material and methods. The experimental material consisted of fine – ground model sausages. Produced processed meats differed in terms of the presence and amount of acid and enzymatic so...

BACKGROUND Reducing the cost of producing cellulosic ethanol is essential for the industrialization of biorefinery. Several processes are currently under investigation, but few of these techniques are entirely satisfactory in terms of competitive cost or environmental impact. In this study, a new ethanol and lactic acid (LA) coproduction is proposed. The technique involved addition of waste alk...

The intake of dietary salt through food now exceeds current nutritional recommendations and is thought to have negative effects on human health, such as the increasing prevalence of hypertension. This study was performed to investigate whether W1/O/W2 double emulsions can be used to enhance the saltiness of cheese without increasing the salt content (W1 is distilled water or 1% abalone hydrolys...

INTRODUCTION Observational studies report inverse associations between the use of feather upper bedding (pillow and/or quilt) and asthma symptoms but there is no randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence assessing the role of feather upper bedding as a secondary prevention measure. OBJECTIVE To determine whether, among children not using feather upper bedding, a new feather pillow and feathe...

1. The capacity of skin constituents to participate in feather and hair morphogenesis has been analysed in chick and mouse embryos. 2. Reconstituted homoand heterospecific skin explants, consisting of epidermis and dermis from both species, were cultured for 8 days on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick. 3. Recombinants of dorsal 11-5and 125-day mouse epidermis and dorsal 7-day or tarsome...

This paper uses a fashioned ostrich plume to conceptualize and re-present “feather-work” as being co-constituted by human non-human labor. The archives not only the hands that it but also bird-body grew feathers, insisting be conceptualized researched grown-made commodity. From this starting point, I reconstruct its journey along “feather-road”: from reared plucked on South African farm willowe...

BACKGROUND Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulose is crucial to bioconversion in the fields of biorefinery and biofuels. However, the enzyme inhibitors in pretreatment hydrolysate make solid substrate washing and hydrolysate detoxification indispensable prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) is a relatively new process, bu...

Ten passerine species were examined on three islands of the Azores (North Atlantic) during 2013 and 2014 in order to identify their feather mite assemblages. We recorded 19 feather mite species belonging to four families of the superfamily Analgoidea (Analgidae, Proctophyllodidae, Psoroptoididae and Trouessartiidae). A high prevalence of feather mite species was recorded on the majority of the ...