From vehicle, gun, projectile and charge system, a basic principle has been presented for the first time in the paper by making use of the random-simulation technology based on the theory of interior ballistic, automat, vibration of self-propelled gun system, initial disturbing and external ballistic etc. The basic principle is achieved by simulating a movement procedure of the gun-vehicle syst...

We present an extended problem appropriate for students in a semester-long introductory elementary particle physics class. This problem requires them to synthesize concepts and investigative approaches learned throughout the class, directed toward answering the question of why muon-to-electron conversion experiments are proposed, but not electron-to-muon experiments. Although direct electron-to...

Average daily ultrafine particles (UFP) exposure of adult Milan subpopulations (defined on the basis of gender, and then for age, employment or educational status), in different exposure scenarios (typical working day in summer and winter) were simulated using a microenvironmental stochastic simulation model. The basic concept of this kind of model is that time-weighted average exposure is defi...

Momentum distribution of fragments produced in 12C+ 12C reaction at 28.7 MeV/nucleon is analyzed with antisymmetrized version of molecular dynamics (AMD). Calculations are made for several cases of stochastic collisions and the projectile fragmentation peak in momentum distribution is reproduced by the incorporation of many-body nature in stochastic collision process. Furthermore the value of t...

Abstract. The Higgs field is a central point of the Standard Model supplying masses to other fields through the symmetry breaking mechanism. However, it is associated with an elementary particle which is not yet discovered experimentally. In this short note I suggest a way for expressing the Higgs field through other fields of the Standard Model. If this is the case, being not an independent fi...

We assess the prospects for attaining steady nuclear flow equilibrium in expanding r-process environments where beta decay and/or neutrino capture determine the nuclear charge-changing rates. For very rapid expansions, we find that weak steady flow equilibrium normally cannot be attained. However, even when neutron capture processes freeze out in such nonequilibrium conditions, abundance ratios...

The constrained Hamiltonian formalism is recommended as a means for getting a grip on the concepts of gauge and gauge transformation. This formalism makes it clear how the gauge concept is relevant to understanding Newtonian and classical relativistic theories as well as the theories of elementary particle physics; it provides an explication of the vague notions of “local” and “global” gauge tr...

We develop theory leading to an ability to catalog types of elementary particles. The resulting catalog provides for known interaction-mediating bosons, non-traditional interactioncarrying bosons, and fermions. Ratios of theoretical numbers of analogs of various types of particles match observed ratios of densities for baryonic matter, dark matter, and dark energy.

Taxing capital in open economies su¤ers from a rather wasteful tax competition. According to Konrad & Schjelderup (1999) harmonizing capital income taxes within a subgroup of countries is bene…cial to all countries. Although economists and politicians advocate a coordinated tax policy within a federation or a federal system like the EU they favor national tax sovereignty over a harmonization of...

For example, if for some input x of length len(x) = n, an algorithm requires 2 computational steps, then for an input of a reasonable length n ≈ 300, we would need 2 computational steps. Even if we use a hypothetical computer for which each step takes the smallest physically possible time (the time during which light passes through the smallest known elementary particle), we would still need mo...