There are precise observations which indicate the reluctance of excess carbon within bainite or martensite to partition into adjacent austenite in spite of prolonged heat treatment at temperatures where carbon is mobile. To explain this, we report the first calculations of the solubility of carbon in tetragonal ferrite that is in equilibrium with austenite. It is found that the solubility is dr...

The press formability of a dual-phase stainless steel sheet consisting of ferrite and austenite phases was estimated from a viewpoint of texture using plastic strain ratios (r-values). From the comparison of the mechanically obtained r-values by tensile test and the r-values calculated from the crystal orientation distribution functions (ODFs) of each phase, we found the ferrite phase contribut...

the effects of carbon content on the dynamic and static softening mechanisms of ti microalloy steels were investigated both in ferrite and austenite regions. the results obtained showed that recrystallization rate decreased as the percentage of carbon content was increased from 0.0035 to 0.110. this is due to the ti(cn) and tic precipitates and also the free carbon content. in the ferrite regio...

in this research, the effect of different biopolymers such as polyethylene glycol (peg) and polyvinylalcohol (pva) on synthesis and characterization of polymer/cobalt ferrite (cf) nano-composites bymechanical alloying method has been systematically investigated. the structural, morphological andmagnetic properties changes during mechanical milling were investigated by x-ray diffraction (xrd),fo...

The strongly correlated electron system has been attracted much attention in solid state physics due to its abnormal electric, magnetic and optical properties which promises novel application. Rare earth ion ferrite RFe2O4 (R = Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, or In) is the typical example. This material is composed of doubly stacked iron triangular layers (W-layer) separated by single rare-earth...

We examine here the spot welding characteristics of transformation induced plasticity assisted steels, which contain d-ferrite as a consequence of their aluminium concentrations of 3?5 or 5?6 wt-% and which also have high carbon contents of 0?3 or 0?4 wt-% when compared with conventional automotive steels. The resistance spot welds are tested in both shear and crosstensile tests in order to det...

Characterization of a tunable & switchable microstrip rectangular patch antenna printed on synthesized LiTi ferrite substrate with a normal magnetic bias field is presented. In this paper the concept of switching and tuning has been described by magnetostatic and spin waves phenomenon. The DC magnetic biasing generate these both type of waves which response a number of novel magnetic and electr...

SUMMARY The electromagnetic fields emitted from an electrostatic discharge (ESD) event occurring between charged metals cause seriously damage high-tech equipment. In order to clarify the generation mechanism of such ESD fields and also to reduce them, we previously proposed a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm based on a delta-gap feeding method and a frequency dispersion character...

It is well established that magnetic components may be reduced in size by operating at high frequency. Miniaturization of magnetic components is ideally suited to microelectronics technologies such as thick film, which lend them to planar geometries. This paper describes new analytical models, which predict inductanceand frequency-dependent eddy-current losses in magnetic substrates. Prototype ...

A reiterative technique is developed for finding in normalized form the differential phase shift provided by the circular waveguide, completely filled with azimuthally magnetized ferrite which propagates normal TE01 mode. It consists in a repeated numerical solution of the structure’s characteristic equation, derived in terms of a definite complex Kummer confluent hypergeometric function, follo...