background & aim: one of the factors of affecting maternal anxiety is a history of fetal death or neonatal death. this anxiety affects fetal and maternal health. by consideration the impact of anxiety on fetal and maternal health and the lack of protective activities in this field, this study was done to determine the impact of adaptation with pregnancy educational package on anxiety and matern...

Background: Electronic fetal monitoring was used in many hospitals before labor and during delivery . The objective of this study was to investigate whether the use of fetal monitoring had effect on neonatal outcomes and cesarean section rate. Materials and Methods: A prospective study on monitoring neonatal Apgar and kind of delivery data, from deliveries occurring at Shahid Sadughi hospital i...

T rends in human history are increased cultural complexity and social differentiation and marked beginnings, endings, reversals, and turns and twists at different scales (1). Within these trends, the creation of social groups and communities is an active process that involves cultural pluralism, ideology, negotiated identity, economy, the built environment, and mortuary expression. In most soci...

Background: Current prenatal diagnosis requires invasive testing which carries a 1-4% procedure-related-risk of miscarriage; hence, non-invasive techniques are desired. The recent demonstration of cell-free-fetal-DNA enriched from maternal plasma has opened new possibilities for non-invasive-prenatal-diagnosis of not only genetic-disorders such as β-thalassaemia and haemophilia but also chromos...

Background: It is well documented that fetal DNA can cross the placenta and is present in peripheral maternal blood during pregnancy in human. This fetal DNA also named circulating cell free fetal DNA, has emerged as a valuable source for genetic evaluation. Compared with humans, ovine species have a different structure of placental (synepitheliochorial) with no direct contact between the troph...

BACKGROUND Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis (IMP) is a recently known and rare disease entity, which is a member of non-thrombotic, non-inflammatory stenosis or occlusion of the mesenteric veins. In spite of the unique histopathology and particular location, the cause and pathogenesis of IMP remain unknown. The aim of this brief study was to propose a pathogenesis and possible etiology bas...