Early repair of complete collateral ligament tears restores joint alignment, stability, and full passive range of motion.

Posterolateral instability (PLI) is common with posterior cruciate ligament tears and is less common with anterior cruciate ligament tears, and isolated PLI is rare. There are varying degrees of PLI with respect to pathologic external tibial rotation, and varus laxity. Surgical treatment of PLI must address all components of the PLI (popliteus tendon, popliteofibular ligament, lateral collatera...

Recent experiments in rat medial collateral ligament revealed that the rate of stress relaxation is strain dependent and the rate of creep is stress dependent. This nonlinear behavior requires a more general description than the separable quasilinear viscoelasticity theory commonly used in tissue biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the nonlinear theory of Schapery o...

Injuries to the medial side of the knee are not always isolated injuries of the superficial medial collateral ligament. Medial-sided injuries can also involve the deep medial collateral ligament, the posteromedial corner, or the medial meniscus. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful adjunct to the physical examination; however, the extent of medial-sided injuries is frequently underappreciated...

Knee ligament instability may lead to meniscal and chondral damage, resulting in early osteoarthritis. Due to its superior soft tissue contrast and avoidance of harmful ionizing radiation, MRI has become the most important imaging modality for early recognition of structural defects of the knee joint. This review aims to the understanding of MRI appearances of knee ligament structures associate...

Elbow instability often results in chronic overuse injuries, especially with overhead throwing in athletes. Initial management of medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries often is conservative, but surgery may be required. In several studies, nearly half of throwing athletes with MCL injuries who were treated conservatively were able to return to their previous level of competition. Surgical t...

A 41-year-old female runner presented to the sports medicine clinic for evaluation of bilateral medial knee pain, left greater than right. Physical examination demonstrated tenderness to palpation over the central aspect of the medial collateral ligament. Anteroposterior and lateral standing knee films were unremarkable. The patient received a corticosteroid injection over the tibial collateral...

Fetlock collateral ligament rupture should be considered in horses with acute lameness and fetlock swelling with or without palpable joint instability. Ultrasound can be used to provide a quick and reliable diagnosis of collateral ligament rupture, allowing for early initiation of treatment. Conservative treatment consisting of limb immobilization and stall rest can produce favorable results de...

BACKGROUND The amount of medial compartment opening for medial knee injuries determined by valgus stress radiography has not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to develop clinical guidelines for diagnosing medial knee injuries using valgus stress radiography. HYPOTHESIS Measurements of medial compartment gapping can accurately differentiate between normal and injured medial s...