This paper assesses the choice of policy instruments for crisis management and prevention and whether Central Banks should target consumer and asset prices to maintain financial stability. Our results suggest that the interest rate is preferable to the money supply instrument because in times of financial distress the Central Bank automatically satisfies the increased demand for money, and that...

Analysts often use financial variables to help predict real activity and inflation. Financial variables offer readily accessible information and, because market participants base their investment decisions on their forecasts of real activity and inflation, the information in financial market variables is deemed to be reliable. One of the most popular financial market variables is the spread bet...

Fiscal policy is a policy that tries to achieve certain economic goals through instruments such as changes in government expenditure and taxation. The financial policy uses two instruments of government revenue (tax) and government spending (spending) to influence the economy. And in the economic literature, they consider economic growth to be equal to GDP. The impact of financial policies on e...

INTRODUCTION Conventional manual laparoscopic instruments for minimally invasive surgery have limited dexterity within the patient, making procedures challenging. Surgical robotic systems offer enhanced articulation, but at substantial financial costs. This has motivated the development of high-dexterity, low-cost laparoscopic instruments. AREAS COVERED This article reviews both commercial an...

We review the literature regarding the impact of financial innovation on the monetary transmission mechanism and on the way the central bank can achieve its ultimate goal, that is to control the price level.We argue that, although the form of central bank instruments and current methods for implementing monetary policy may change, the goals that the policy makers try to achieve by employing the...

Two 360-degree feedback instruments were assessed in order to validate their content. 360 ratings for 431 retail managers were compared to financial performance for their store. Correlations between 360-degree feedback ratings and level of attainment of sales goals were significant for both instruments. However, the first instrument was correlated to a greater extent than the second instrument....

Uncertainty in economics is generated by “nature” but also by the model we use to “produce the future”. The production of the future comprises besides the allocation of resources on different instruments (technologies, financial products) also the design of the instruments. Specialization and diversification considerations point to the advantages of targeting instruments to a rich set of possib...

Payments can be classified as high-value or low-value. High-value transactions are typically related to purchases and sales of financial assets, mainly foreign exchange and securities. These transactions usually involve only financial institutions, large companies or high net-worth individuals. Payment instruments are either cash or non-cash. Cash is probably the most important instrument for l...