We present a deterministic foundation of thermodynamics for slightly viscous fluids or gases based on a 1st Law in the form of the Euler equations expressing conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and a 2nd Law formulated in terms of kinetic energy, internal (heat) energy, work and shock/turbulent dissipation, without reference to entropy. The Euler equations are regularized in computationa...

The classical first law of thermodynamics for a Kerr-Newman black hole (KNBH) is generalized to a law in quantum form on the event horizon. Then four quantum conservation laws on the KNBH equilibrium radiation process are derived. The Bekenstein-Hawking relation S = A/4 is exactly established. It can be inferred that the classical entropy of black hole arises from the quantum entropy of field q...

The Nernst formulation of the third law of ordinary thermodynamics (often referred to as the “Nernst theorem”) asserts that the entropy, S, of a system must go to zero (or a “universal constant”) as its temperature, T , goes to zero. This assertion is commonly considered to be a fundamental law of thermodynamics. As such, it seems to spoil the otherwise perfect analogy between the ordinary laws...

The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy, as a measure of randomness in a system, increases over time. Although studies have investigated biological sequence randomness from different aspects, it remains unknown whether sequence randomness changes over time and whether this change consists with the second law of thermodynamics. To capture the dynamics of randomness in molecular sequ...