Phenotypic plasticity in the form of alterations to teleost skeletons can result from a range of environmental factors, such as the hardness of the prey, particularly when exposure occurs early during development. Determining the molecular underpinnings of teleost skeletal plasticity is hampered by a limited understanding of the molecular basis of bone remod eling in derived teleost fish, whose...

The ambiguity and complexity of medical cerebrovascular image makes the skeleton gained by conventional skeleton algorithm discontinuous, which is sensitive at the weak edges, with poor robustness and too many burrs. This paper proposes a cerebrovascular image skeleton extraction algorithm based on Level Set model, using Euclidean distance field and improved gradient vector flow to obtain two d...

Introduction Natural and synthetic estrogens are pollutants found in aquatic ecosystems at low concentrations reaching ng.L -1 to μg.L . At these concentrations, they able interfere with the fish endocrine system. When waterborne exposure occurs early life stages, when blood low, this may have significant consequences for estrogen-sensitive functions such as skeletal development. Methods To bet...

A straight skeleton of a polygon or of a polytope is a piecewise linear skeletal structure that partitions the underlying object by means of a self-parallel shrinking process. We propose a method for constructing different straight skeletons for a given nonconvex polytope Q in 3-space. The approach is based on so-called bisector graphs on the sphere, and allows for generating straight skeletons...

A scheme for arbitrary nesting of algorithmic skeletons is explained which is based on the idea of groups in MPI. The scheme is part of a semi-automatic compilation system which generates parallel code for nested HOFs. Two skeletons were developed which run in a nested mode: a binary divide and conquer and a process farm for a parallel implementation of fold and map HOFs respectively. Examples ...

The diversity in calls and sonic mechanisms appears to be important in Chaetodontidae. Calls in Chaetodon multicinctus seem to include tail slap, jump, pelvic fin flick and dorsal-anal fin erection behaviors. Pulsatile sounds are associated with dorsal elevation of the head, anterior extension of the ventral pectoral girdle and dorsal elevation of the caudal skeleton in Forcipiger flavissiumus....

To capture and swallow food on land, a sticky tongue supported by the hyoid and gill arch skeleton has evolved in land vertebrates from aquatic ancestors that used mouth-cavity-expanding actions of the hyoid to suck food into the mouth. However, the evolutionary pathway bridging this drastic shift in feeding mechanism and associated hyoid motions remains unknown. Modern fish that feed on land m...