Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a bidirectional process required for assembly and maintenance of cilia and flagella. Kinesin-2 is the anterograde IFT motor, and Dhc1b/Dhc2 drives retrograde IFT. To understand how either motor interacts with the IFT particle or how their activities might be coordinated, we characterized a ts mutation in the Chlamydomonas gene encoding KAP, the nonmotor subunit...

Bacterial shape usually is dictated by the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. In this paper, we show that the morphology of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is the result of a complex interaction between the cell cylinder and the internal periplasmic flagella. B. burgdorferi has a bundle of 7-11 helically shaped periplasmic flagella attached at each end of the cell cylinder a...

response. Salmonella tennessee flagella and f2 phage were used as antigens. White rabbits weighing about 2.5kg were purchased from a farm. For immunization, 50 jug of flagella in saline was injected into each of both hind foot pads and 100 jug of flagella was injected into its ear vein. A rabbit received injections of 1011 of f2 phage in saline into each of its two hind foot pads and 2X1011 of ...

In this exercise you will learn to make hanging drop slides and then use this technique to observe the motility of living bacteria. Motility is an important characteristic used to identify microorganisms. Three bacteria will be used which vary in size, shape and arrangement of flagella, and types of motion. Specifically you will observe Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a monotrichous bacterium that exhi...

We study the liquid-crystalline phase behavior of a concentrated suspension of helical flagella isolated from Salmonella typhimurium. Flagella are prepared with different polymorphic states, some of which have a pronounced helical character while others assume a rodlike shape. We show that the static phase behavior and dynamics of chiral helices are very different when compared to simpler achir...

One of the most plausible explanations for the ability of thermophilic organisms to grow at temperatures that usually are lethal to other organisms is that they possess relatively heat-stable proteins. Substantial support for this hypothesis recently has been furnished by Koffler and his associates,1 2 who showed that cytoplasmic proteins obtained from thermophilic bacteria are strikingly more ...

ATP-induced sliding of doublet microtubules has been recently demonstrated with axonemes of sea urchin sperm flagella which had been briefly digested with trypsin (13) . The specific chemical conditions in which such sliding occurs are the same as those required for the reactivation of beating in demembranated sea urchin sperm cells (4) . The conclusion from these observations, that the bending...

The relation between oxygen consumption and motility of Ciona spermatozoa has been measured by using pH stats to measure the acid production of spermatozoa swimming in dilute suspensions where their motility can be analyzed accurately, and calibrating the acid production by measuring it simultaneously with measurements of oxygen consumption, using more concentrated sperm suspensions. When the m...

Treatment of Nitella antheridia with colchicine results in various sperm abnormalities, depending upon duration of exposure and subsequent recovery. Early effects of treatment include disappearance of spindle fibers and a cessation of ordered cell wall formation in dividing cells. Sperm released from antheridia treated for 24 hr and allowed to recover for 4-5 days possess branched flagella. Aft...

The distribution and attachment of Trypanosoma congolense were investigated in the proximal part of the proboscis of Glossina m. morsitans. In the food canal, epimastigotes and trypomastigotes formed tufts or compact layers. Trypanosomes were attached to the cuticle by their flagella, which formed zonar hemidesmosomes. The flagella were mostly attached parallel to the axis of the labrum and oft...